IMPORTANT QUESTIONS BANKING --FOR SBI PO CLERKS IBPS PO CLERKS

http://www.bankinterview.in/frequently-asked-ques

BANKING IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

http://www.bankinterview.in/frequently-asked-ques

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Ques: What are duties of The interim resolution professional (IRP) in NCLT cases.

Ans: The interim resolution professional (IRP) shall perform the following duties, namely:—

(a) collect all information relating to the assets, finances and operations of the corporate debtor for determining the financial position of the corporate debtor, including information relating to—

(i) business operations for the previous two years;

(ii) financial and operational payments for the previous two years;

(iii) list of assets and liabilities as on the initiation date; and

(iv) such other matters as may be specified;

(b) receive and collate all the claims submitted by creditors to him, pursuant to the public announcement made under sections 13 and 15;

(d) monitor the assets of the corporate debtor and manage its operations until a resolution professional is appointed by the committee of creditors;

(e) file information collected with the information utility, if necessary; and

(f) take control and custody of any asset over which the corporate debtor has ownership rights as recorded in the balance sheet of the corporate debtor, or with information utility or the depository of securities or any other registry that records the ownership of assets including—

(i) assets over which the corporate debtor has ownership rights which may be located in a foreign country;

(ii) assets that may or may not be in possession of the corporate debtor;

(iii) tangible assets, whether movable or immovable;

(iv) intangible assets including intellectual property;

(v) securities including shares held in any subsidiary of the corporate debtor, financial instruments, insurance policies;

(vi) assets subject to the determination of ownership by a court or authority;

(g) to perform such other duties as may be specified by the Board.

Explanation.—For the purposes of this sub-section, the term “assets” shall not include the following, namely:—

(a) assets owned by a third party in possession of the corporate debtor held under trust or under contractual arrangements including bailment;

(b) assets of any Indian or foreign subsidiary of the corporate debtor; and

Ques:Name Categories under priority sector.

Ans :Categories under priority sector
Agriculture
Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
Export Credit
Education:
Housing
Social Infrastructure
Renewable Energy
Others
Ques: Tell targets under priority sector.
Ans: Total: 40%
out of this:
agriculture: 18%
small and marginal farmer: 8%
micro enterprises : 7.5%
weaker sections: 10 %.

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Q: What is demonetization?
A : Demonetization is the act of stripping a currency unit of its status as legal tender

Q ; What is legal tender ?
A : Denomination of a country's currency that, by law, must be accepted as a medium for commercial exchange and payment for a money debt. While usually all denominations of the circulating paper money are legal tenders, the denomination and amount in coins acceptable as legal tender varies from country to country. Checks and postal orders are not legal tenders and are accepted only at the option of the creditor, lender, or seller. Also called lawful money.

Q:What are features of 2000 and 500 rupee new notes?
A:
The new INR 2000 banknotes and their features

- The new notes are expected to have motifs of Mangalyaan on their reverse sides. Mangalyaan is the first effort India has made in the domain of interplanetary space.
- The note’s base colour is going to be magenta.
- The note also has other geometric patterns and designs that align with the notes’ entire colour scheme. This is applicable for both the sides.
- The new note is going to be 66mm X 166 mm.
- The obverse or facing side of the new notes will have a transparent register that will indicate the denomination 2000 when it is held against light. It shall also have a latent image of the denominational numeral. This will be visible when the note is held at an angle of 45o at one’s eye level.
- The numeral will be written in Devanagari script and the portrait of Mahatma Gandhi will be at the centre of the notes.
- The notes will also have the micro letters 2000 and RBI and a windowed security thread with Bharat, 2000, and RBI inscribed on it. The thread shall change colour to blue from green when it is tilted.
Things such as guarantee clause, emblem of RBI, Ashoka Pillar emblem, and signature of respective governors with promise clause will be on the right side of the notes. The watermarks will be portraits of electrotype (2000) and Mahatma Gandhi. On the bottom right side as well as the top left side, there will be number panels where numerals will grow from small to big.

The notes are also meant to have some special features that have been designed keeping the visually-impaired individuals in mind.
- The portraits of Mahatma Gandhi, the identification mark, and the Ashoka Pillar emblem will be printed in a raised manner.
- There would also be a horizontal rectangle on the right that will have Rs. 2000 printed in a raised manner.
- The notes would also have seven angular bleed lines on each side – they will be in raised print.
On the reverse side, these notes will have the year when a respective note has been printed. They shall also have the logo and slogan of Swachh Bharat. The language panel will be located in the centre.

The new INR 500 banknotes and their features
The new notes will differ from the existing ones in terms of factors such as colour, presence of security components, size, elements of design, and themes.
- Their size is going to be 63mm x 150mm.
- These notes will be stone grey in colour and the new theme is predominantly going to be the Red Fort, one of the top tourist destinations of the country and an integral part of its heritage, alongwith the national flag.
- Its obverse side is expected to have a transparent register that will show the denominational numeral. The said numeral will have a latent image as well and will be printed in Devanagari.
- The orientation, as well as relative position of the image of Mahatma Gandhi, will be different in the new note.
- The windowed security thread feature will change to blue from green when it is tilted and the notes’ right sides will be where guarantee clause, emblem of RBI, Ashoka Pillar emblem, and signature of respective governors with promise clause are placed.
- The new note will also have electrotype and portrait watermarks.
- The number panels will be placed on the same position as the INR 2000 notes with numbers growing to big from small.
On the bottom right side of the notes the denomination will be mentioned in numeric form and it will change ink to blue from green. The emblem of Ashoka Pillar will be on the right. These notes, too, shall have special features for the visually-challenged people with the portrait of Mahatma Gandhi, identification mark, and Ashoka Pillar emblem in raised print. There will be a circle on the right side with Rs. 500 written in raised print. Each side will have five bleed lines in raised print.

The reverse sides of these notes will have the year of printing mentioned on the left. It shall also have the slogan and the logo of the Swachh Bharat programme. The language panel is expected to be in the centre. The denominational numeral will be printed on right in Devanagari.

Q:Present Bank Rate is.........
A: 6.50%

Q: Present REPO Rate is........
A:6.25%

Q: Present REVERSE REPO Rate is..........
A:6.0%

Q: Present MSF Rate is..............
A:6.5%

Q:Present CRR is......
A: 4%

Q:Present SLR IS........
A: 19.50%.

Q:What is OMO.
A: 'Open Market Operations - OMO' is the buying and selling of government securities in the open market in order to expand or contract the amount of money in the banking system. Purchases inject money into the banking system and stimulate growth while sales of securities do the opposite.
Q:What is REPO.
A:Repo (Repurchase Option) rate is the rate at which the RBI lends shot-term money to the banks against securities. When the repo rate increases borrowing from RBI becomes more expensive.

Q: What is Reverse Repo .
A:Reverse Repo Rate is used by the central bank to absorb liquidity from the economy. When it feels that there is too much money floating in the market, it increases the reverse repo rate, meaning that the central bank will pay a higher rate of interest to the banks for depositing money with it.
Q:What is MSF.
A:Marginal Standing Facility (MSF) is a scheme announced by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in its Monetary Policy (2011-12) and refers to the penal rate at which banks can borrow money from the central bank over and above what is available to them through the LAF window.

Q:What is Bank Rate.
A:The interest rate at which a nation's central bank lends money to domestic banks. Often these loans are very short in duration.

Q:Why Credit control is treated as most important function of Reserve Bank of India.
A:Credit control in the economy is required for the smooth functioning of the economy.
By using credit control methods RBI tries to maintain monetary stability.
Q;Name types of methods.
A:There are two types of methods:
1. Quantitative control to regulates the volume of total credit.
2. Qualitative Control to regulates the flow of credit.
Q: List type of Quantitative methods.
A:
1. Management of Bank Rate :By increasing or reducing Bank rate, RBI works on pricing of funds. It is assumed as and when funds becomes costly, it would result in lower demand of fund, conversely
it is assumed as and when funds becomes cheaper, it would result in higher demand of fund.

2. Open market operations :
The term open market operation refers to purchase or sale of government securities by the central bank.Purchase of securities by the central bank in open market provides money to market/banks whereas sale of securities sucks money from market/banks .OMO is now very frequently used by RBI.

3. Management of Cash reserve ratio : Increase in CRR means Banks to keep more money with RBI , hence they will left with lower funds for lending.this affect supply of money in market,adversely.

4. Repo & Reverse Repo :By increasing or reducing REPO rate, RBI works on pricing of funds. It is assumed as and when funds becomes costly, it would result in lower demand of fund, conversely
it is assumed as and when funds becomes cheaper, it would result in higher demand of fund. It also affects the pricing of credit in market.

5. Altering Statutory Liquidity Ratio:Increase in SLR means Banks to invest more money SLR securities , hence they will left with lower funds for lending.this affect supply of money in market,adversely.

6. MSF:By increasing or reducing MSF rate, RBI works on pricing of funds. It is assumed as and when funds becomes costly, it would result in lower demand of fund, conversely
it is assumed as and when funds becomes cheaper, it would result in higher demand of fund. It also affects the pricing of credit in market.
Q: List Qualitative Methods:
A:
1. Selective Qualitative Credit controls
By making changes in margin and rate of interest, RBI regulates credit in specific areas. normally this is used for sensitive items.
2. Moral persuasion and direct action :
RBI uses this technique to regulate flow of credit to specific sectors of economy. by imposing ban or by allowing higher flow of funds this is achieved.

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Q: Define BANK.
A:Bank is an organisation which accepts deposits from public repayable on demand or otherwise for the purpose of lending and investment.
What is a Banking Company ?
Any company, which transacts the business of banking defined above is termed as Banking company and in INDIA these are regulated by BANKING REGULATION ACT AND RBI ACT.
Q: Define CUSTOMER.
A: A customer is a person who maintains a regular account with the bank without taking into consideration the duration and frequency of operation of his account.

To be a customer for any bank the individual should have an account with the bank. The relationship between banker and customer is of utmost importance.

Q: Define Demand Deposit.
A:Demand deposits are those deposits, which can be withdrawn on demand. Saving bank, current account and overdue deposits fall under this category. Customers having these accounts can withdraw their deposit s from the account at any time they desire.
Q: Define Term Deposit.
A:Deposits, which are not payable on demand, are known as term or time deposits. "Term Deposits" or “Fixed Deposits” are deposits, where the depositor makes a lump sum deposit at one time for a fixed term and receives payment in future after the period for which the deposits have been kept. Rate of interest is contracted at the time of opening the account. Such deposits generally carry comparatively higher rate of interest depending on the time span In case a depositor wants prepayment i.e. payment before the due date, the amount is paid after leaving penalty.

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Q:Define Either or Survivor .
A:Refers to operation of the account opened in two names with a bank. It means that any one of the account holders have powers to withdraw money from the account, issue cheques, give stop payment instructions etc. In the event of death of one of the account holder, the surviving account holder gets all the powers of operation.

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Q: Who can open a saving account in bank.
A:1. Saving account Can be opened by Resident Individuals (either singly or jointly), Associations, Trusts, Hindu Undivided Families (HUFs), Clubs, Societies etc. Institutions specially permitted by RBI. for the purpose of saving a part of their income.
Q:What is purpose of opening this account.
A:The main purpose of opening a saving account is to save an amount.
Q: Who can operate this account.
A:Saving account is operated by Resident Individuals (either singly or jointly), Associations, Trusts, Hindu Undivided Families (HUFs), Clubs, Societies etc. Institutions specially permitted by RBI.
Q:What interest is payable by banks on these accounts.
A:The saving account earns a nominal rate of interest. At present, it is about 3.5% p.a. (in India).(VARIES FROM BANK TO BANK). Some banks are paying higher interest also. there is complete freedom to banks to decide their interest rates.
Q:What min balance requirement.
A: The saving account can be operated with lesser amount.(may be Rs 500/= or even Zero ).

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Q: Who can open a Current account in bank.
A:Current account is opened by Individuals,joint account, sole proprietary concerns,partnership concerns,HUFs, COMPANIES,Association of persons,society,trusts,body co-operatives,charitable and other institutions. for business transactions.
Q:What is purpose of opening this account.
A:The main purpose of opening a current account is to facilitate regular business transactions.
Q: Who can operate this account.
A:Current account is operated by Individuals,joint account, sole proprietary concerns,partnership concerns,HUFs, COMPANIES,Association of persons,society,trusts,body co-operatives,charitable and other institutions.
Q:What interest is payable by banks on these accounts.
A:Normally, banks do not pay interest on current account.
Q:What min balance requirement.
A:To open current account more amount is required.(may be Rs 1000/=)

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What is a recurring account?
Recurring Deposit is a special kind of Term Deposit offered by banks in India which help people with regular incomes to deposit a fixed amount every month into their Recurring Deposit account and earn interest at the rate applicable to Fixed Deposits. ... Minimum Period of RD is 6 months and maximum is 10 years.

Is TDS applicable to recurring deposit?
Recently, the tax deduction at source (TDS) provision has been levied on RD interest. Effective 1 June 2015, the entity paying interest on RD has to deduct tax at source on the interest earned. Hence, TDS at the rate of 10% is applicable if the interest income during the relevant financial year exceeds Rs.10,000.

What are the features of Bank Recurring Deposit?
The features of Bank Recurring Deposit are:
High rates of interest, identical to the fixed deposit rates.
.
Customer can Avail loan against Bank Recurring Deposit.
Minimum balance of Rs. 500 per month; deposits thereafter in multiples of Rs.100.
Minimum deposit period is 6 months, and thereafter in multiples of 3 months.
Nomination facility is available

Q: Discuss about Accounts of Sole Proprietary Concerns:
A:Banks do not open savings bank account in the name of a proprietorship firm but open current account in the name of the sole proprietary concerns.
Accounts in the name of a sole proprietary concern are treated like individual accounts.
The account can be operated either by the proprietor himself or by a person duly authorised to operate the account on his behalf.
Q: WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY TERM PARTNERSHIP FIRM:
A:Partnership” is the relation between persons who have agreed to share the profits of a business carried on by all or any of them . Persons who have entered into partnership with one another are called “partners” and this entity is called a “firm”, and the name under which their business is carried on is called the “firm name”.
Q: What do mean by word Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) :
A:A limited liability partnership (LLP) is a partnership in which some or all partners (depending on the jurisdiction) have limited liabilities unlike unlimited liabilty under partnership. It therefore exhibits elements of partnerships and corporations. In an LLP, one partner is not responsible or liable for another partner's misconduct or negligence.

Q. What is a Non-Banking Financial Company?
A :Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC) is a company a) registered under the Companies Act, 1956, b) its principal business is lending, investments in various types of shares/stocks/bonds/debentures/securities, leasing, hire-purchase, insurance business, chit business, and c) its principal business is receiving deposits under any scheme or arrangement in one lump sum or in instalments. However, a Non-Banking Financial Company does not include any institution whose principal business is agricultural activity, industrial activity, trading activity or sale/purchase/construction of immovable property. (Section 45 I (c) of the RBI Act, 1934) . One key aspect to be kept in view is that the financial activity of loans/advances as stated in 45 I ( c) , should be for activity other than its own. In the absence of this provision, all companies would have been NBFCs.
Q:. What are systemically important NBFCs?
A:NBFCs whose asset size is of Rs.100 cr or more as per last audited balance sheet are considered as systemically important NBFCs. The rationale for such classification is that the activities of such NBFCs will have a bearing on the financial stability in our country.

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Question: What Is the Difference Between a Credit Card and a Debit Card?

Answer:
The fundamental difference between a debit card and a credit card is from where the cards debits the money. A debit card takes it from your banking account and a credit card charges it to your line of credit.

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FAQ's for RTGS/NEFT
1. What is Inter Bank Transfer?
Inter Bank Transfer is a special service that allows you to transfer funds electronically to accounts in other banks in India through:
NEFT: The acronym NEFT stands for National Electronic Funds Transfer. Funds are transferred to the credit account with the other participating Bank using RBI's NEFT service. RBI acts as the service provider and transfers the credit to the other bank's account. This system of fund transfer operates on a Deferred Net Settlement basis. Fund transfer transactions are settled in batches as opposed to the continuous, individual settlement in RTGS. Presently, , NEFT operates in hourly batches from 8 am to 7 pm on week days and 8 am to 1 pm on Saturdays.
RTGS: The acronym RTGS stands for Real Time Gross Settlement. This is a system where the processing of funds transfer instructions takes place at the time they are received (real time). Also the settlement of funds transfer instructions occurs individually on an instruction by instruction basis (gross settlement). The RTGS system is the fastest possible interbank money transfer facility available through secure banking channels in India.

2. What is the minimum/maximum amount for RTGS/NEFT transactions?
Type Minimum Maximum
RTGS Rs. 2 Lakh No Limit
NEFT No Limit No Limit.

3. When does the beneficiary get the credit for a RTGS payment?
Under normal circumstances the beneficiary Bank branch receives the funds in real time as soon as funds are transferred by the remitting Bank. The beneficiary Bank has to credit the beneficiary's account within 30 minutes of receiving the funds transfer message.

4. When does the beneficiary get the credit for a NEFT payment?
NEFT operates in hourly batches. Currently there are twelve settlements from 8 am to 7 pm on week days and five settlements from 8 am to 1 pm on Saturdays. Therefore, the beneficiary can expect to get the credit for the transactions put through between 8 am to 5 pm on weekdays (between 8 am to 1 pm on Saturdays) on the same day. For transactions settled in the 6 and 7 pm batches on week days and at 1 pm on Saturday, the credit will be afforded either on the same day or on the next working day.

5. If an RTGS transaction is not credited to a beneficiary account, does the Remitter get back the money?
Yes. If the beneficiary's bank is unable to credit the beneficiary's account for any reason, the former will return the money to the remitting bank within 1 hour. Once the amount is received by the remitting bank, it is credited to the remitters account by the branch concerned.

6. If an NEFT transaction is not credited to a beneficiary account, does the Remitter get back the money?
Yes. If the money cannot be credited for any reason, the beneficiary's bank has to return the money within next two batches i.e (B+2) to the remitting bank. Once this amount is received back by the remitting bank, the amount is credited to the Remitter's account by the remitting bank.

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Q: What are ROI of various schemes Of Post Office and Govt schemes.
A: ROI given below:
Savings Deposit: 4% from 01 JAN 2018
1 Year Time Deposit: 6.6%
2 Year Time Deposit: 6.7%
3 Year Time Deposit: 6.9%
5 Year Time Deposit: 7.4%
5 Year Recurring Deposit: 6.9%
5 Year SENIOR CITIZEN SAVING SCHEME: 8.3%
5 Year NSC: 7.6%
PPF: 7.6%
Kisan Vikas Patra: 7.30%
Sukanya Samriddhi Scheme: 8.1%

Q: What is Demand loan.
A:Loan with or without a fixed maturity date, but which can be recalled anytime (often on a 24-hour notice) by the lender and must be paid in full on the date of demand. Also, the borrower can pay off a demand loan at any time without incurring pre payment penalties. In india normally this is granted against securities like bank deposits,lic policy,nsc, gold jewellery etc.
Q:What is Term Loan.
A:A loan from a bank for a specific amount that has a specified repayment Period(term) and a floating or fixed interest rate. Term loans may have repayment period between one and 30years.
Q:What is Overdraft.
A:An overdraft occurs when money is withdrawn from a bank account and the available balance goes below zero. In this situation the account is said to be "overdrawn".
Q:What is cash credit limit.
A: In Cash Credit facility an amount of loan is given to the borrower for his working capital needs.A customer can draw upto a limit that depends upon Drawing Power calculated based on value of security.
Q: What is Pre Shipment credit (Packing Credit).
A:Pre-shipment / Packing Credit also known as ‘Packing credit’ is a loan/ advance granted to an exporter for financing the purchase, processing, manufacturing or packing of goods prior to shipment. Packing credit can also be extended as working capital assistance to meet expenses such as wages, utility payments, travel expenses etc; to companies engaged in export or services. Packing credit is sanctioned/granted on the basis of letter of credit or a confirmed and irrevocable order for the export of goods / services from India or any other evidence of an order for export from India.
Q: What is Post Shipment credit.
A:'Post-shipment Credit' means any loan or advance granted or any other credit provided by a bank to an exporter of goods / services from India from the date of extending credit after shipment of goods / rendering of services to the date of realisation of export proceeds as per the period of realization prescribed by Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and includes any loan or advance granted to an exporter, in consideration of, or on the security of any duty drawback allowed by the Government from time to time. As per extant guidelines of RBI, the period prescribed for realisation of export proceeds is 12 months from the date of shipment.

What is the difference between BG and LC?:

What is a letter of credit(LC) ?.

A letter of credit is written commitment document issued by a bank or other financial institutions(on

behalf of buyer of goods) to assure payment to seller on the basis of documentary proof on

fulfillment of dispatch of goods by seller as per terms and conditions mentioned in LC. Under an LC,

the seller gets guarantee on payment of his sale of goods from the buyer’s bank.

What is a bank guarantee(BG) ?

A bank guarantee is issued by bank on behalf of its customer, assuring the beneficiary to effect

payment on default of obligation ( like non fulfillment of some activity like construction of some

road or bridge or building etc). This is used by contractors in lieu of earnest money to be deposited.

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Q.. What is the definition of MSME?
A:The Government of India has enacted the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development (MSMED) Act, 2006 in terms of which the definition of micro, small and medium enterprises is as under:
Enterprises engaged in the manufacture or production, processing or preservation of goods as specified below:
A micro enterprise is an enterprise where investment in plant and machinery does not exceed Rs. 25 lakh;
A small enterprise is an enterprise where the investment in plant and machinery is more than Rs. 25 lakh but does not exceed Rs. 5 crore;
A medium enterprise is an enterprise where the investment in plant and machinery is more than Rs.5 crore but does not exceed Rs.10 crore. In case of the above enterprises, investment in plant and machinery is the original cost excluding land and building and the items specified by the Ministry of Small Scale Industries vide its notification No.S.O.1722(E) dated October 5, 2006 .
Enterprises engaged in providing or rendering of services and whose investment in equipment (original cost excluding land and building and furniture, fittings and other items not directly related to the service rendered or as may be notified under the MSMED Act, 2006 are specified below.
A micro enterprise is an enterprise where the investment in equipment does not exceed Rs. 10 lakh;
A small enterprise is an enterprise where the investment in equipment is more than Rs.10 lakh but does not exceed Rs. 2 crore;
A medium enterprise is an enterprise where the investment in equipment is more than Rs. 2 crore but does not exceed Rs. 5 crore.

Q.. What is meant by Priority Sector Lending?
A:Priority sector lending include only those sectors, as part of the priority sector that impact large sections of the population, the weaker sections and the sectors which are employment-intensive such as agriculture, and Micro and Small enterprises.

Q.. Are there any targets prescribed for lending by banks to MSMEs?
A:As per extant policy, certain targets have been prescribed for banks for lending to the Micro and Small enterprise (MSE) sector. In terms of the recommendations of the Prime Minister’s Task Force on MSMEs banks have been advised to achieve a 20 per cent year-on-year growth in credit to micro and small enterprises, a 10 per cent annual growth in the number of micro enterprise accounts and 60% of total lending to MSE sector as on preceding March 31st to Micro enterprises.

In order to ensure that sufficient credit is available to micro enterprises within the MSE sector, banks should ensure that:
40 per cent of the total advances to MSE sector should go to micro (manufacturing) enterprises having investment in plant and machinery up to Rs. 10 lakh and micro (service) enterprises having investment in equipment up to Rs. 4 lakh ;
20 per cent of the total advances to MSE sector should go to micro (manufacturing) enterprises with investment in plant and machinery above Rs. 10 lakh and up to Rs. 25 lakh, and micro (service) enterprises with investment in equipment above Rs. 4 lakh and up to Rs. 10 lakh. Thus, 60 per cent of MSE advances should go to the micro enterprises.
Q.. Is there any provision for grant of composite loans by banks?
A:A composite loan limit of Rs.1crore can be sanctioned by banks to enable the MSME entrepreneurs to avail of their working capital and term loan requirement through Single Window.

Q. What are the RBI guidelines on interest rates for loans disbursed by the commercial banks?
A:As part of the financial sector liberalization, all credit related matters of banks including charging of interest have been deregulated by RBI and are governed by the banks' own lending policies.

Q.. Why is credit rating of the micro small borrowers important?
A:With a view to facilitating credit flow to the MSME sector and enhancing the comfort-level of the lending institutions, the credit rating of MSME units done by reputed credit rating agencies and it should be encouraged. Banks are advised to consider these ratings as per availability and wherever appropriate structure their rates of interest depending on the ratings assigned to the borrowing SME units.

Q. Is credit rating mandatory for the MSE borrowers?
A:Credit rating is not mandatory but it is in the interest of the MSE borrowers to get their credit rating done as it would help in credit pricing that is cost of funds (interest and other charges etc.) of the loans taken by them from banks.

Q.. What is debt restructuring of advances?
A:A viable/potentially viable unit may apply for a debt restructuring if it shows early stage of stickiness. In such cases the banks may consider to reschedule the debt for repayment, consider additional funds etc. A debt restructuring mechanism for units in MSME sector has been formulated and advised to all commercial banks. The detailed guidelines have been issued to ensure restructuring of debt of all eligible small and medium enterprises. Prudential guidelines on restructuring of advances have also been issued which harmony the prudential norms over all categories of debt restructuring mechanisms (other than those restructured on account of natural calamities).

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Q. What is MUDRA?
A:MUDRA, which stands for Micro Units Development & Refinance Agency Ltd., is a new institution being set up by Government of India for development and refinancing activities relating to micro units. It was announced by the Hon’ble Finance Minister while presenting the Union Budget for FY 2016. The purpose of MUDRA is to provide funding to the non corporate small business sector.
Q. Why MUDRA has been set up?
A:The biggest bottleneck to the growth of entrepreneurship in the Non –Corporate Small Business Sector (NCSBS) is lack of financial support to this sector. Majority of this sector does not have access to formal sources of finance. GoI is setting up MUDRA Bank through a statutory enactment for catering to the needs of the NCSBS segment or the informal sector for bringing them in the mainstream. To begin with it is being set up as a subsidiary of SIDBI.
Q. What will be roles and responsibilities of MUDRA?
A:MUDRA would be responsible for refinancing all Last Mile Financiers such as Non Banking Finance Companies of various types engaged in financing of small businesses, Societies, Trusts, Section 8 Companies [formerly Section 25], Co-operative Societies, Small Banks, Scheduled Commercial Banks and Regional Rural Banks which are in the business of lending to micro/small business entities engaged in manufacturing, trading and services activities. The Bank would partner with State/regional level financial intermediaries to provide finance to Last Mile Financier of small/micro business enterprises.
Q. What are the offerings of MUDRA? How will MUDRA function?
A:Under the aegis of Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana, MUDRA has already created its initial products / schemes. The interventions have been named 'Shishu', 'Kishor' and 'Tarun' to signify the stage of growth / development and funding needs of the beneficiary micro unit / entrepreneur and also provide a reference point for the next phase of graduation / growth to look forward to :
a. Shishu : covering loans upto 50,000/-
b. Kishor : covering loans above 50,000/- and upto 5 lakh
c. Tarun : covering loans above 5 lakh to 10 lakh
MUDRA will be operating as a refinancing institution through state/regional level intermediaries. MUDRA's delivery channel is conceived to be through the route of refinance primarily to NBFCs / MFIs, besides other intermediaries including banks, Primary Lending Institutions, etc.
At the same time, there is a need to develop and expand the delivery channel at the ground level. In this context, there is already in existence, a large number of 'Last Mile Financiers' in the form of companies, trusts, societies, associations and other networks which are providing informal finance to small businesses.
Q. Who are the target clients of MUDRA/ What kind of borrowers are eligible for assistance from MUDRA?
A:Non –Corporate Small Business Segment (NCSBS) comprising of millions of proprietorship / partnership firms running as small manufacturing units, service sector units, shopkeepers, fruits / vegetable vendors, truck operators, food-service units, repair shops, machine operators, small industries, artisans, food processors and others, in rural and urban areas.
Q. Are Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) eligible for assistance from MUDRA?
A:Yes, MUDRA will be extending refinance support to RRBs for enhancing their liquidity.
Q. What is the rate of interest charged by MUDRA?
A:MUDRA will be a refinancing agency which will extend its funds to Last Mile Financiers to enable them to reach out to the sector. Access to finance in conjunction with rational price is going to be the unique customer value proposition of MUDRA. It will use a variety of innovative financing means to bring down the cost of funding for the ultimate borrower.
Q. I have a small business dealing in paper goods. Can MUDRA help me?
A:Yes. MUDRA will offer smaller loans upto 50,000/ under the 'Shishu' category and beyond 50,000 and upto 5 lakh under the 'Kishor' category. These products have been designed to cater to customers operating at the lower end of the enterprise spectrum. The loans will be extended through MFIs, NBFCs, Banks etc.
Q. I have graduated recently. I want to start my own business. Can MUDRA help me?
A:MUDRA offers smaller loans upto 50,000/ under the 'Shishu' category and beyond 50,000 and upto 5 lakh under the 'Kishor' category. It also offers loans beyond 5lakh and upto 10 lakh under the Tarun category. Depending on your nature of business project requirement you can access finance from one of the intermediaries of MUDRA as per the norms.
Q. I have diploma in food processing technology. I want to start my own unit. Please guide me.
A:Food Processing is an eligible activity for coverage under one of the MUDRA schemes. You can avail assistance under MUDRA schemes as per your requirements.
Q. I am an artisan specialising in Jari work. I want to start my own work instead of doing job work for others. Can MUDRA help me?
A:You can avail assistance under the ‘Shishu’ category of Micro Credit Scheme of MUDRA through any of the MFIs operating in your region for setting up your own enterprise.
Q. I have done a course on fashion designing. I want to open my own boutique and develop my own brand. What help can MUDRA offer to me?
A:MUDRA operates a special scheme for women entrepreneurs; viz; Mahila Uddyami Scheme. Assistance will be provided under all three groups, viz. 'Shishu', 'Kishor' as well as 'Tarun'.
Q. I intend to work on franchisee model and open an ice cream parlour. Can MUDRA help me?
A:MUDRA operates a special scheme 'Business loans for Traders and Shopkeepers'. You can avail the facilities under the scheme as per your requirements.
Q. I want to expand my pottery business by adding more variety and designs. What help can I get from MUDRA?
A:You can avail assistance under the 'Shishu' category of Micro Credit Scheme of MUDRA through any of the MFIs operating in your region for setting up your own enterprise.

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Q:What is Credit Appraisal?

A:Credit appraisal means an investigation/assessment done by the bank prior before providing any loans & advances/project finance. This involves following viability checks:
commercial,
financial &
technical.
Q:What is Commercial Viability?
A: The ability of a business, product, or service to compete effectively and to make a profit.

Q:What is Financial Viability?
A: The ability to generate sufficient income to meet operating payments, debt commitments and, where applicable, to allow for growth, while maintaining service levels. In banks, this is measured in terms of DSCR & Debt Equity Ratio for term loans and Current Ratio for WC Loans.
Q:What is Technical Viability?
A: This report analyses the locational advantage of project, production process and technology to be employed, availability of market to sell its products, availability & suitability of raw material, cost of equipment and its availability. Further it analyses availability of other facilities such as fuel, water, electricity, transportation etc. and whether these are available at reasonable prices. It also discusses availability of skilled, unskilled and supervisory staff besides managerial staff.
Q:What is most important factor in case of individual loans?

A: The credit worthiness of applicant is foremost factor. The factors such as:

» Age

» Income

» Number of dependents

» Nature of employment

» Continuity of employment

» Repayment capacity

» Previous loans, etc. are taken into account while appraising the credit worthiness of a person.

Q What are 3 ‘C’ ?
A: while considering credit proposals Following 3 'C' are given importance: ,

» Character

» Capacity

» Collateral.
Q: What is broad classification of loans in banks?

A:Loans can be classified as fund based & non-fund based:

» FUND BASED

Working Capital Loans such as Cash Credit Limits or Overdraft Limits.

Term Loans for acquiring fixed assets.

» NON-FUND BASED

Letter of Credit:

Bank Guarantee:

Q: Discuss CREDIT APPRAISAL PROCESS IN BANKS (STEP-WISE) ?

A: Steps are:
Receipt of application from applicant on bank’s prescribed form

Receipt of supporting documents such as 3 years’ balance sheet, projected balance sheet, KYC documents, MOA, AOA in case of companies or Partnership Deed in case of a partnership firm & photocopies of title deeds of properties to be mortgaged etc.

Spot verification visit by bank officers or its authorised vendors

To check RBI defaulters list, wilful defaulters list, CIBIL data, ECGC caution list, etc. to check past record of the borrower

Obtaining non-encumbrance certificate from bank’s approved advocate

Valuation report of the properties from empanelled valuer/engineers

Preparation of financial data based on CMA and carry out risk rating as per bank prevailing model

Proposal preparation: this contains detailed information about borrower, its rating analysis of financial data, computation of PBF, terms and conditions of sanction and past conduct of account. This is prepared by one officer lower than sanctioning authority and such officer is called recommending authority. If there are more than one such officer then all of them have to sign.

Sanction/approval of limits/loan by competent sanctioning authority. In banks, various officers as per their rank are vested with loaning powers.

Documentation: This involves execution of appropriate agreements by borrower/guarantor.

Disbursement of term loan is done in phased manner as per progress of project. In case of WCL, limit is fixed in an operative account such as cash credit or overdraft and operations are allowed as per available drawing power. The drawing power is computed based on value of security available at a given point of time.

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Q: What is Objective of Payments Banks?

A:Objective of payments banks is to increase financial inclusion by providing small savings accounts, payment/remittance services to migrant labour, low income households, small businesses, other unorganised sector entities and other users by enabling high volume-low value transactions in deposits and payments/remittance services in a secured technology-driven environment.
Q: Who can promote Payment Bank?
A:Those who can promote a payments banks can be a non-bank PPIs, NBFCs, corporate’s, mobile telephone companies, super market chains, real sector cooperatives companies and public sector entities. Even banks can take equity in Payments Banks.
Q: Can Payment Bank accept deposits?
A: Payments Banks can accept demand deposits (only current account and savings accounts). They would initially be restricted to holding a maximum balance of Rs 100,000 per customer. Based on performance, the RBI could enhance this limit.
Q: What other services Payment Bank can offer?
A: The banks can offer payments and remittance services, issuance of prepaid payment instruments, internet banking, functioning as business correspondent for other banks.
Q: CAN Payment Banks can set up subsidiaries?
A: Payments Banks cannot set up subsidiaries to undertake NBFC business.
Q: How people will be able to differentiate it from other banks?
A:The Payments Banks would be required to use the word ‘Payments’ in its name to differentiate it from other banks.
Q: Whether credit lending is allowed for Payments Banks?
A: No credit lending is allowed for Payments Banks.
Q: Can they invest in Govt securities?
A: The float funds can be parked only in less than one year G-Secs.
Q: List companies got permission to start payment Banks from RBI?
A:11 Companies are as under:
Aditya Birla Nuvo Limited
Airtel M Commerce Services Limited
Cholamandalam Distribution Services Limited
Department of Posts
Fino PayTech Limited
National Securities Depository Limited
Reliance Industries Limited
Shri Dilip Shantilal Shanghvi
Shri Vijay Shekhar Sharma
Tech Mahindra Limited
Vodafone m-pesa Limited.

Q:Who is eligible for Internet Banking in Bank?
A:It is available to all Savings and Current account holders. In all cases, the customer/mandate holder should have the authority to operate the account with full permission.
Q:What are the benefits of using Internet Banking?
A: Internet Banking provides you a host of benefits like:
View your Banking, Investments, Credit Card and Loan account details online
Download bank account statements.
View and book Fixed Deposit.
Make online payments for utility bills and insurance premiums.
Make payments at merchant websites for their products and services using Direct Debit service.
Transfer money to your own accounts and to other third party bank accounts.
Track status of issued cheques and of cheques that are in clearing.
Issue stop payment instructions on issued cheques.
Request for Cheque Book, Demand Draft and more.
Update your profile and contact details.
Q:What are the different type of modes available to access Internet Banking?
A:One can opt for one of the following modes to access internet banking:
Inquiry Only (View only) - In this mode, one get access to check your account details & view you statements
Fund Transfer with Net Secure - one get the facility to transact online & transfer funds.
Q. What is Mobile Banking?
A:Mobile banking (also known as M-Banking, SMS Banking etc.) is a term used for performing balance checks, account transactions, payments etc. via a mobile device such as a mobile /cell phone.

Q.Who Can avail Mobile Banking Services?

A: Mobile Banking Services are available to all the Retail customers of Bank.

Q:. Why One should apply for Mobile Banking Services?

A:Mobile Banking facilitates the customers for availment of banking services round the clock with the help of mobile telecommunication devices. Customers can access bank accounts i.e. can check account balance, transfer funds, make bill payments etc through their mobile handset.

Q. Are there any pre requisites for availing PNB Mobile Banking Services?

A:One need to have account with the Bank, a valid mobile connection and handset supporting the services.

Q:. Do I need to register with particular Service Provider to use Mobile Banking Services?

A:No, the Mobile Banking Services are accessible through presently available Service Providers.

Q. How One can register for Mobile Banking Services?

A:One can register for the Mobile Banking Services by submitting request on the required application form at any Bank branch.

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Q:What are Brown Label ATMs
A:'Brown label' ATM are those Automated Teller Machines where hardware and the lease of the ATM machine is owned by a service provider, but cash management and connectivity to banking networks is provided by a sponsor bank whose brand is used on the ATM.
The `brown label' has come up as an alternative between bank-owned ATMs.

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Q: What is UPI?
A: UPI(UNIFIED PAYMENT INTERFACE) is a payment system that allows money transfer between any two bank accounts by using a smartphone. UPI allows a customer to pay directly from a bank account to different merchants, both online and offline, without the hassle of typing credit card details, IFSC code, or net banking/wallet passwords.

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What is meant by USSD banking?
National Unified USSD Platform (NUUP) is offered on a short code: *99#. The service allows every banking customer to access banking services with a single number across all banks - irrespective of the telecom service provider, mobile handset make or the region.

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Q:What is APB?

A:Aadhaar Payments Bridge (APB) is a Payments system, where payments can be made to targeted Residents using Aadhaar as the Financial Address instead of Bank Account number.

Q:What is the pre-requisite to initiate payment through APB?

A:There are three primary requirements before a payment can be made successfully using APB:
The Resident’s Aadhaar to be linked with the Bank Account;
Aadhaar to be linked in the database of the paying agency, such as a Government Welfare Scheme;
The Paying agency to be registered on APB and get an APB Registration ID.

Q:What is AePS?

A:AePS (Aadhaar Enabled Payments System) is a payment service offered by the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) to banks, financial institutions using ‘Aadhaar’ number and online UIDAI authentication through their respective Business correspondent service Centers / Bank Mitras.

Q:Does the Resident need to have a bank account for availing AEPS?

A:Yes, the customer needs to have a bank account linked to his/ her Aadhaar with the bank offering the AEPS service.

Q:What is Aadhaar Seeding?

A:Aadhaar Seeding is the process of linking the Aadhaar in various beneficiary databases. Examples include linking of Aadhaar to the Bank Accounts, to Pension ID for Pensioners and to Job Card Number of NREGS Wage Seekers, etc.

Q:Can a Resident link the Aadhaar to more than one account within a bank?

A:Yes. However the bank shall keep only one of the accounts as primary account which would receive all AEPS transactions.

Q:Can a Resident link the Aadhaar to more than one Account in different Banks?

A:Yes. However, the Account that has been Seeded last backed with a mandate to the bank to receive payments – will be active for receiving payments through APB.

Q:What is the e-KYC service?

A:UIDAI offers the e-KYC service, which enables a resident having an Aadhaar number to share their demographic information and photograph with a UIDAI partner organization in an online, secure, auditable manner with the residents consent. The consent by the resident can be given via a Biometric authentication or an One Time Password (OTP) authentication.

Q:What information is shared in the e-KYC service?

A:The Aadhaar holders demographic information i.e Name, Address, Date of Birth, Gender, Phone & Email (where available) & Photograph which is currently available with the resident is shared via the e-KYC service.

Q:Who can use the e-KYC service?

A:The e-KYC service is envisaged as a public benefit service. Any organization, authorized and approved by UIDAI to use this service can deploy the e-KYC service to serve its business interest. UIDAI envisages, initially organisations such as Banks, Telecom, Financial Services etc who have a regulatory compliance to perform a KYC function will be the front runners in leveraging this service.
Q: What is the process to start using the e-KYC service?

A:Organizations interested in using the e-KYC service, will need to get approved and authorized by UIDAI to use this service.

Q:What are the key features of the e-KYC service?
A:Some of the key features of the e-KYC service are:
Paperless: The service is fully electronic, enabling elimination of KYC document management
Consent based: Data is shared by the resident consent through Aadhaar authentication, thus protecting resident privacy.
Secure and compliant with the IT Act: Data transfer are secured through the use of encryption and digital signature as per the Information Technology Act, 2000 making e-KYC document legally equivalent to paper documents.
Non-repudiable: The use of resident authentication for authorization, the affixing of a digital signature by the service provider originating the e-KYC request, and the affixing of a digital signature by UIDAI when providing the e-KYC data makes the entire transaction non-repudiable by all parties involved.
Instantaneous: The service is fully automated, and KYC data is furnished in real-time, without any manual intervention
Regulator friendly: The service providers can provide a portal to the Ministry/Regulator for auditing all e-KYC requests.

Q:What is the regulatory stance on the e-KYC service?

A:RBI, IRDA, PFRDA & SEBI have accepted UIDAI’s e-KYC service as a valid KYC.

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Q: DISCUSS NAMES OF ALTERNATE DELIVERY CHANNELS IN BANKING.
A:This is defined as those channels that expand the reach of services beyond the traditional bank branch channel, have emerged as a result of innovations in information and communication technology and a shift in consumer expectations.
.
Examples of such channels are:
The Internet Banking,
automated teller machines (ATMs),
POS devices,
Pass book printers.
Cash deposit machines.
and mobile Banking.

Q: Define internet banking and its importance .
A:Internet Banking Services are the Bank’s services which provide access to account information, products and other services (including Transaction of financial and non-financial in nature) as advised by the Bank from time to time to the customers through the internet banking website of the Bank.
a customer of the Bank authorized to use Internet Banking Services can access various services such as bank statement, transactions in account, transfer of mony from one account to another, NEFT, RTGS,IMPS, Bill payments of various utilities such as mobile, landline, water , electricity., payment of taxes, donations, request for fdr, draft, rly ticket, airline tickets, e commerce payments etc.
this is operated through user ID and password.
Q: What do you mean by POS.
A:PoS or Swipe Machine as it is popularly known is a technological instrument provided to a Merchant Establishment (ME) to carry out the sale of goods or services to customers in a cashless environment. All the customer has to do is swipe his/her Debit, Credit or Prepaid Card.
Q. What is an Automated Teller Machine (ATM)?
A. Automated Teller Machine is a computerized machine that provides the customers of banks the facility of accessing their account for dispensing cash and to carry out other financial & non-financial transactions without the need to actually visit their bank branch.
Q. What are White Label ATMs (WLAs)?
A. ATMs set up, owned and operated by non-banks are called White Label ATMs. Non-bank ATM operators are authorized under Payment & Settlement Systems Act, 2007 by the Reserve Bank of India.
Q. What is the difference between ATM and WLA (White Label ATM)?
A i) In White Label ATM scenario, logo displayed on ATM machine and in ATM premises pertain to WLA Operator instead of a bank. However, for a customer, using WLA is just like using the ATM of other bank (bank other than card issuing bank). ii) Acceptance of cash deposits at the WLAs is not permitted at present.
Q. What has been the rationale of allowing non-bank entities for setting up of WLAs ?
A. The rationale of allowing non-bank entity to set up White Label ATMs has been to increase the geographical spread of ATM for increased / enhanced customer service.
Q. What type of cards can be used at an ATM/WLA?
A. The ATM/ATM cum debit cards, credit cards and open prepaid cards (that permit cash withdrawal) issued by banks can be used at ATMs/WLAs for various transactions.
Q.. What are the services/facilities available at ATMs/WLAs?
A. In addition to cash dispensing, ATMs/WLAs may offer many other services/facilities to bank customers. Some of these services include:
Account Information
Cash Deposit (Acceptance of deposits are not permitted at WLAs)
Regular Bills Payment (not permitted at WLAs)
Purchase of Re-load Vouchers for Mobiles (not permitted at WLAs)
Mini/Short Statement
PIN change
Request for Cheque Book
Q. How can one transact at an ATM/WLA?
A. For transacting at an ATM/WLA, the customer inserts /swipes his/her Card in the ATM/WLA and enters his/her Personal Identification Number (PIN). Usually the transactions are menu driven for facilitating easy operation.
Q. What is Personal Identification Number (PIN)?
A. PIN is the numeric password which is separately mailed / handed over to the customer by the bank while issuing the card. Most banks require the customers to change the PIN on the first use. Customer should not disclose PIN to anybody, including to bank officials. Customers should change the PIN at regular intervals.
Q. Can these cards be used at any bank/non-bank ATM (WLA) in the country?
A. Yes. The cards issued by banks in India may be used at any bank / white label ATM in the country.
Q; Discuss automatic pass book printers.
A: To use this machine this user has to Simply open the passbook to the printing page and insert it into the printer.
With the page turning option, the Passbook Entry Machine will automatically find the page and last line that was printed.
LED panel will notify the user of the printer status through the entire transaction.
Q: What is cash deposit machine.
A:The Cash Deposit Machine, better known as CDM is an ATM like machine that allows customer to deposit cash directly into his/her account using the ATM cum debit card. He/she can use this machine to instantly credit their account without visiting the branch. The transaction receipt also gives them updated account balance. Some of the salient features of this product are:
Instant credit of cash deposit into customer account
Quick and convenient way to deposit cash
Paperless transaction
The per transaction limit is Rs.49,900/-(can vary from bank to bank)
Upto 200(can vary from bank to bank) currency notes can be deposited in a single transaction
The CDM only accepts denominations of Rs.1000/-, Rs.500/- & Rs.100/-.
SBI provides following additional facilities on CDM to customers:
PIN change
Use this service to change your password at regular intervals.
Balance Enquiry
Expecting an inflow of funds in your account? Use this service to check the current available balance in your account. This service is available on the main option screen after swiping your card. You can also ‘Go Green' by selecting the view option as the balance is displayed on the screen else get a transaction receipt by selecting print.
Mini Statement of Account
Keep track of the transactions in your account by availing this service. Mini-statement gives you an insight into the last 10 transactions in your account.

Q: What is mobile banking.
A:We have taken example of SBI mobile banking to understand the concept.

State Bank FreedoM Your Mobile Your Bank
Away from home, balance enquiries can be made and/or money sent to the loved ones or bills can be paid anytime 24x7!!! That is what State Bank FreedoM offers -convenient, simple, secure, anytime and anywhere banking.
1. Mobile Banking Service over Application/ Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)
The service is available on java enabled /Android mobile phones (with or without GPRS) /i-phones where the user is required to download the application on to the mobile handset. The service can also be availed via WAP on all phones (java/non java) with GPRS connection.
The following functionalities are available:
Funds transfer (within and outside the bank)
Immediate Payment Services (IMPS): Click here for details.
Enquiry services (Balance enquiry/ Mini statement)
Cheque book request
Demat Enquiry Service
Bill Payment (Utility bills, credit cards, Insurance premium), Donations, Subscriptions
Mobile /DTH Top up
M Commerce (Merchant payments, SBI life insurance premium)
Business Rules
All Current/ Savings Bank Account holders in P segment and Current accountholders in SME segment are eligible.
Transaction limit per customer per day is Rs.50,000/- with a calendar month limit of Rs.2,50,000/-
All customers can avail the Service irrespective of their telecom service provider.
The Service is free of charge. SMS/GPRS cost will be borne by the customer.
Business Rules
All Current/ Savings Bank Account holders in P segment and Current accountholders in SME segment are eligible.
Transaction limit per customer per day is Rs.1,000/- with a calendar month limit of Rs.5,000/- . However, customers desiring to transact up to Rs.5000/- per day or Rs25,000/- per month may do so after obtaining an One Time Password (OTP)
Service available over all telecom service providers.
The Service is free of charge. SMS cost will be borne by the customer.

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Q:What is Negotiable Instrument ?
A:According to Sec. 13 of Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, A Negotiable Instrument means a promissory note, bill of exchange, payable either to order or bearer.
Q:What is Promissory Note.
A:As per Sec.4 of N.I.Act, 1881” Promissory Note is an instrument in writing (not being a bank note or currency note) containing an unconditional undertaking signed by the maker to pay a certain sum of money only or the order of a certain person, or to the bearer of the instrument.”
The promise can be singly or jointly by more than one person.
There are two parties in a Promissory Note
Maker(Drawer)- Is the person who promises to pay
Payee – Is the person to whom promise is made.
Q:List Essential requirements of a Promissory Note.
A:It must be in writing .
It must contain an unconditional undertaking to pay
The maker should sign it
The promise to pay should be unconditional
The promise to pay money and money only
Maker should be certain
It must contain the name of the Payee – it can not be bearer i.e. the person to whom the amount is to be paid has to be mentioned { a bearer promissory note gets the status of a currency note.-prohibited by Sec.31 of Reserve Bank of India Act,1934}
It should bear the date and place of issue
It can be payable on demand i.e. sight or after a certain period
It is not necessary to mention the consideration i.e. “Value Received”
It cannot be tied up with any future event
It attracts stamp duty under Stamp Act.1899.
Q:What is Bill of Exchange.
A:As per Sec.5 of N.I.Act, 1881 “ A bill of exchange is an “Instrument” in writing containing an unconditional order, signed by the maker, directing a certain person to pay a certain sum of money only to, or to the order of certain person or bearer of the instrument.”
There are three parties to the Bill of Exchange
– Drawer or Maker:is the person who Orders to pay
– Drawee – The person on whom the bill is drawn.(who is ordered to pay)
– Payee – To whom the payment is to be made. Payee is the person whose name is mentioned in the instrument, to whom or to whose order the money is directed to be paid by the instrument.
Q:List Essential Requirements of bill of exchange.
A:It must be in writing.
It should be an unconditional order to pay
It should be signed by the maker/drawer
It must contain direction to a certain person (i.e. drawee) to pay
The sum payable must be certain
Drawee must be certain
It is direction by the drawer / maker to a person (i.e. drawee) to make payment to a definite person or as per his order or to the bearer of the instrument.
Payee must be certain.
Bill of Exchange can either be Sight or Usance. Usance bills contain a specified period on which the payment is to be made. Usance bills need acceptance of the payee. Three days of grace is given for payment of usance bills.
Q: What is Cheque.
A:As per Sec. 6 of NI Act, 1881 “ a cheque is a Bill of Exchange drawn on a specified banker and not expressed to be payable otherwise than on demand.”
It is an instrument in writing containing an unconditional order signed by the maker, directing a certain banker to pay a certain sum of money, on demand to, or to the order of, a certain person or to the bearer of the instrument. All cheques are bill of exchange, but all bill of exchange are not cheques.
Q:List Difference between a cheque and a bill of exchange.
A:A cheque does not require acceptance
It can be crossed
Does not attract stamp duty.
It gets statutory protection under Sec. 85 and Sec. 131 of NIAct.
It is not entitled to days of grace
A cheque is presented for payment, whereas a bill in the first instance is presented for acceptance unless it is a bill on demand.
No notice of dishonour is required
A cheque is not noted or protested.

Q:Define Endorsement .
A:When a Negotiable Instrument contains, on the back of the instrument an endorsement, signed by the holder or payee of an order instrument, transferring the title to the other person, it is called endorsement.
Q:Discuss forms of Endorsements.
A:Endorsement in Blank : Where the name of the endorsee or transferee is not mentioned on the instrument.

Endorsement in Full : Where the name of the endorsee or transferee appears on the instrument while making endorsement.

Restrictive Endorsement:An endorsement is restrictive when it prohibits further negotiation of a negotiable instrument. . For example, if a cheque is endorsed as ‘Pay to X only’, it cannot be negotiated further.

Conditional Endorsement (Qualified Endorsement):This is not a common form of endorsement. It may take many forms. It may either limit the liability of the endorser or create some liability on the endorsee to receive payment of the instrument. That is, an endorsement may be preceded by certain condition, which should have been fulfilled by the endorsee, for obtaining payment.

Sans Recourse endorsement: It is an endorsement which limits the Liability of the endorser. The effect of this endorsement is, to render the endorser free from all liability to any subsequent holder.
In our country the words, ‘without recourse’ are mostly used instead of ‘Sans recourse.’

Q What is Order Cheque
A: A cheque which is payable to a particular person or his order is called an order cheque.
Q What is Bearer Cheque
A : A cheque which is payable to a person whosoever bears it , is called bearer cheque.
Q What is Blank Cheque
A : A cheque on which the drawer puts his signature and leaves all other columns blank is called a blank cheque.
Q What is Stale Cheque
A : The cheque which is more than three months old is a stale cheque.
Q What isMutilated Cheque
A: If a cheque is torn or broken , it is termed as mutilated cheque.
Q What is Post Dated Cheque
A: If a cheque bears a date later than the present date, it is termed as post dated cheque.
Q What is Open Cheque
A: A cheque which has not been crossed is called an open cheque.
Q What is Crossed Cheque
A: A cheque which carries two parallel lines across the face of the cheque , is called crossed cheque.

Q: Name central bank in INDIA.
A:Reserve Bank of India .
Q:Reserve Bank of India Act passed in .........
A:1934.
Q:Reserve Bank of India (RBI) established on ..........
A:1 April 1935.
Q: Name commission that recommended the establishment of Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
A: Hilton-Young Commission.
Q:RBI is a .............
A:statutory body.
Q:What is Emblem of RBI.
A:: Panther and Palm Tree.
Q:Where the headquarter of RBI was Initially Located at.
A:in Calcutta (Now Kolkata) but in 1937 it was permanently moved to Mumbai, Maharashtra.
Q:The Executive head of RBI is known as ........
A:Governor.
Q: Name present Governor of RBI.
A: Dr. Urjit Patel
Q:PREAMBLE Of RBI is..........
A:“To regulate the issue of Bank notes and the keeping of reserves with a view to securing monetary stability in India and generally to operate the currency and credit system of the country to its advantage”.

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Q What is difference between Nationalised Bank and Public Sector banks

A:Nationalised Bank-- Nationalization was a process whereby govt of india took over the private banks into public ownership by an Act or ordinance . This strategy has been frequently adopted by socialist governments for transition from capitalism to socialism. In INDIA this was carried out MRS INDIRA GANDHI , Twice .20 banks have been nationalized so far. This was done on 19 july 1969 AND 15 april1980.

Public Sector Bank -- (PSBs) in India are banks where a majority stake (i.e. more than 50%) is held by a government. Thus all nationalized banks are PSB and SBI and IDBI bank are also PSB.

Q:List names of public sector banks(PSB).
A:PUBLIC SECTOR Banks
Allahabad Bank
Andhra Bank
Bank of Baroda
Bank of India
Bank of Maharashtra
Canara Bank
Central Bank of India
Corporation Bank
Dena Bank
IDBI BANK
Indian Bank
Indian Overseas Bank
Oriental Bank of Commerce
Punjab National Bank
Punjab & Sind Bank
Syndicate Bank
UCO Bank
Union Bank of India
United Bank of India
Vijaya Bank
State Bank of India

Q:List names of Nationalised Banks.

A: Following 14 banks were Nationalised on 19 july 1969.
Allahabad Bank
Bank of Baroda
Bank of India
Bank of Maharashtra
Canara Bank
Central Bank of India
Dena Bank
Indian Bank
Indian Overseas Bank
Punjab National Bank
Syndicate Bank
UCO Bank
Union Bank of India
United Bank of India.

Following5 banks were Nationalised on 15 April 1980.
Andhra Bank.
Corporation Bank.
Oriental Bank of Commerce
Punjab & Sind Bank
Vijaya Bank.
besides these banks another bank NEW BANK OF INDIA was also nationalised. later on in 1993 this bank was merged into PNB.

Both Nationalisation were carried by MRS INDIRA GANDHI , then PM.

Q:What is RRB.
A:Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) were established in 1975 under the provisions of the Ordinance promulgated on the 26th September 1975 and followed by Regional Rural Banks Act, 1976 with a view to develop the rural economy and to create a supplementary channel to the 'Cooperative Credit Structure' with a view to enlarge institutional credit for the rural and agriculture sector.

The Government of India, the concerned State Government and the bank, which had sponsored the RRB contributed to the share capital of RRBs in the proportion of 50%, 15% and 35%, respectively. The area of operation of the RRBs is limited to notified few districts in a State. The RRBs mobilise deposits primarily from rural/semi-urban areas and provide loans and advances mostly to small and marginal farmers, agricultural labourers , rural artisans and other segments of priority sector.

Q:RRB were established in year...........
A: 1975.
Q: What was its objective.
A: It was created with a view to develop the rural economy and to create a supplementary channel to the 'Cooperative Credit Structure' with a view to enlarge institutional credit for the rural and agriculture sector.
Q:Who contributes the capital and what is its ratio.
A:The Government of India, the concerned State Government and the bank, which had sponsored the RRB contributed to the share capital of RRBs in the proportion of 50%, 15% and 35%, respectively.
Q:Who decides its area of operation.
A:The area of operation of the RRBs is limited to notified few districts in a State.
Q: What are its activities.
A:The RRBs mobilise deposits primarily from rural/semi-urban areas and provide loans and advances mostly to small and marginal farmers, agricultural labourers , rural artisans and other segments of priority sector.
Q:What is present network of RRB'S In India.
A:As a result of amalgamation in recent years, number of the RRBs has been reduced from 196 to 64 as on 31 March 2013. The number of branches of RRBs increased to 17856 as on 31 March 2013 covering 635 districts throughout the country.
Q: Discuss NABARD(National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development)
A:NABARD was set up with an initial capital of 100 crore. Consequent to the revision in the composition of share capital between Government of India and RBI, the paid up capital as on 31 March 2015, stood at 5000 crore with Government of India holding 4,980 crore (99.60%) and Reserve Bank of India 20.00 crore (0.40%).
Q: How this BANK came into being.
A:The bank came into existence on 12 July 1982 by transferring the agricultural credit functions of RBI and refinance functions of the then Agricultural Refinance and Development Corporation (ARDC). NABARD was dedicated to the service of the nation by the late Prime Minister Smt. Indira Gandhi on 05 November 1982.
Q:What is mission of NABARD.
A:Promote sustainable and equitable agriculture and rural prosperity through effective credit support, related services, institution development and other innovative initiatives.

Q: List HQ of various Banks.
A:BANKS AND THEIR HEADQUARTERS

Allahabad Bank - Kolkata
Andhra Bank - Hyderabad
Bank of Baroda - Vadodara (Baroda)
Bank of India - Mumbai
Bank of Maharashtra - Pune
Canara Bank - Bangalore
Central Bank of India - Mumbai
Corporation Bank - Mangalore
Dena Bank - Mumbai
Indian Bank - Chennai
Indian Overseas Bank - Chennai
Oriental Bank of Commerce - Gurgaon
Punjab and Sind Bank - New Delhi
Punjab National Bank - New Delhi
State Bank of India - Mumbai
Syndicate Bank - Manipal,Karnataka
Union Bank of India - Mumbai
United Bank of India - Kolkata
UCO Bank - Kolkata
Vijaya Bank - Bangalore.

what are the functions of Cooperative Banks in India?
Co operative Banks in India are registered under the Co-operative Societies Act. The cooperative bank is also regulated by the RBI. They are governed by the Banking Regulations Act 1949 and Banking Laws (Co-operative Societies) Act, 1965.

Cooperative banks in India finance rural areas under:
Farming
Cattle
Milk
Hatchery
Personal finance

Cooperative banks in India finance urban areas under:
Self-employment
Industries
Small scale units
Home finance
Consumer finance
Personal finance.

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Q: What do you mean by ECGC.
A:Export credit guarantee corporation of India Ltd.
Q:What is its Objective.
A:"You focus on exports, we cover the risks." is tag line of ECGC. its covers various risks of exporters.
Q:Tell Some Thing About ECGC.
A:The need for export promotion had started immediately after Independence in 1947.
In 1953, a proposal for initiation of an export credit guarantee scheme was put forward at a meeting of the Export Advisory Council . Ministry of Commerce & Industry analyzed in depth the pros and cons of the Export Credit Insurance Scheme and a revised draft proposal on the scheme was presented to the Export Advisory Council in 1955.
Shri T T Krishnamachari, Finance Minister in Pandit Nehru’s cabinet appointed a special committee under the Chairmanship of Shri T.C.Kapur to examine the feasibility of setting up an effective organization to provide insurance against export credit risks. The Government accepted the recommendations of Kapur Committee and thus the Export Risk Insurance Corporation (ERIC) was registered on 30th July 1957 in Mumbai as a Private Ltd. Company, entirely state owned, under the Companies Act with an authorized capital of Rs.5 crores and paid up capital of Rs.25 lakhs. Shri Ratilal M Gandhi was the First Chairman and Shri T C Kapur was the First Managing Director of the Corporation. Shri Morarji Desai, Union Commerce Minister inaugurated ERIC and the first Policy was issued on 14th October 1957.
After introduction of insurance covers to banks during the period 1962-64, ERIC’s name was changed to Export Credit & Guarantee Corporation Ltd in 1964.
To bring Indian identify in the name, ECGC was renamed as Export Credit Guarantee Corporation of India Ltd in the year 1983.
Q:What are Objectives of ECGC.
A:The Corporation has set before itself the following objectives:
1. To encourage and facilitate globalization of India’s trade.
2. To assist Indian exporters in managing their credit risks by providing timely information on worthiness of the buyers, bankers and the countries.
3. To protect the Indian exporters against unforeseen losses, which may arise due to failure of the buyer, bank or problems faced by the country of the buyer by providing cost effective credit insurance covers in the form of Policy, Factoring and Investment Insurance Services comparable to similar covers available to exporters in other countries.
4. To facilitate availability of adequate bank finance to the Indian exporters by providing surety insurance covers for bankers at competitive rates.
5. To achieve improved performance in terms of profitability, financial and operational efficiency indicators and achieve optimum return on investment.
6. To develop world class expertise in credit insurance among employees and ensure continuous innovation and achieve the highest customer satisfaction by delivering top quality service.
7. To educate the customers by continuous publicity and effective marketing.
Q:What are Products Of ECGC.
A:1.Export credit insurance for exporters.
2.Export credit insurance for Banks.
3.Factoring.
4.buyer"s credit cover.
5.line of credit cover.
6.transfer guarantee.
7. overseas investment insurance.
8.customer specific covers.
Q:Where its head office is located.
A: MUMBAI.
Q: How many regional office are there.
A: 5,Eastern, Northern, southern1, southern2, western.

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Q: What is objective of SIDBI?
A:SIDBI was established on April 2, 1990. The Charter establishing it, The Small Industries Development Bank of India Act, 1989 envisaged SIDBI to be "the principal financial institution for the promotion, financing and development of industry in the small scale sector and to co-ordinate the functions of the institutions engaged in the promotion and financing or developing industry in the small scale sector and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.
Q: Where its HQ is located?
A:Lucknow.
Q:Tell something about SEBI?
A:- Established on April 12, 1992 in accordance with the provisions of the SEBI Act, 1992.
Chairman - Shri U K Sinha
Head Office - Mumbai
Q:Tell something about IRDA?
A:Establishment - Following the recommendations of Malhotra Committee report, in 1999, IRDA was constituated as an autonomous body to regulate and develop the insurance industry. The IRDA was incorporated as a statutory body in April 2000.
Chairman - T S Vijayan
Head Office - Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh
Key Objectives - Promotion of competition so as to enhance customer satisfaction through increased consumer choice and lower premiums, while ensuring the financial security of the insurance market.
Q:Tell something about IDBI?
A:Chairman & Managing Director - M. S. Raghavan
Establishment - Established as a Public Financial Instutution under RBI in 1964. It was seperated from RBI in 1976 and became full fledged Development Bank. In 2004, It was converted into Commercial bank which has a Govt share holding of 52.7% at present. It is now a Public Sector Commercial Bank.
Head Office - Mumbai.
Q:Tell something aboutSIDBI?
A:Establishment - Established on April 2, 1990
Chairman - Dr. Kshatrapati Shivaji
Head Office - Lucknow.
Q:Tell something about NABARD?
A:Establishment - Established on July 12, 1982 with the paid up capital of Rs. 100 Crore have 50:50 contribution of GOI and RBI.
Govt Stake at Present - 99%
RBI Stake at Present - 1% (RBI divested its 71.5% stake to the GOI in NABARD)
Chairman - Harsh Kumar Bhanwala
Head Office - Mumbai
Established according to the recommendation of - Shivaraman Committee
Key Points -
Provides refinance facilities to various such financial institutions which provide loans to promote productive activities in rural areas.
To meet its own loan requirements, NABARD obtains funds from GOI, World Bank and other agencies.
It also mobilises resources by issuing bonds and debentures guaranteed by the GOI.
It also utilises the funds of National Rural Credit Fund.
It also provides loans to Commercial banks and RRBs for refinance purpose so that these banks may continue their various activities including granting finances for small irrigation, IRDP, dairy development, mechanisation of farms, etc.
The organisation whose functions has been taken over by NABARD from RBI are -
Agricultural Re-finance and Development Corporation
National Agricultural Credit Fund (long term operation)
National Agricultural Credit Fund (stabilisation).
Q:Tell something aboutECGC?
A:Provides a range of credit risk insurance covers to exporters against loss in export of goods and services
Offers Export Credit Insurance covers to banks and financial institutions to enable exporters to obtain better facilities from them
Provides Overseas Investment Insurance to Indian companies investing in joint ventures abroad in the form of equity or loan.
Q:Tell something about BCSBI?
A:The Banking Codes and Standards Board of India is not a Department of the RBI. Reserve Bank has agreed to lend it financial support for a limited period. It is an independent banking industry watch dog to ensure that the consumer of banking services get what they are promised by the banks.
The Banking Codes and Standards Board of India has been registered as a separate society under the Societies Registration Act, 1860. Therefore, it would function as an independent and autonomous body.
Dr. Y.V. Reddy, Governor, Reserve Bank of India, in his Monetary Policy Statement (April 2005) announced setting up of the banking Codes and standards Board of India in order to ensure that comprehensive code of conduct for fair treatment of customers was evolved and adhered to.
The Registered office of the society shall be situated in the State of Maharashtra at Reserve Bank of India, C- 8/9, Bandra-Kurla Complex, Bandra (East), Mumbai - 400 051.

Chairman - Shri A C Mahajan

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QUESTIONS RELATING TO BANKING TERMS:

Q:What is Creditworthiness .
A:It is the capacity of a borrower to repay the loan / advance in time alongwith interest as per agreed terms.
Q:What is Core Banking Solutions (CBS) .
A: Core Banking Solutions is a buzz word in Indian banking at present, where branches of the bank are connected to a central host and the customers of connected branches can do banking at any breach with core banking facility.
Q:Who is Debtor .
A:A person who takes some money on loan from another person.
Q:What do you mean by Dematerialization of Shares.
A: These converted Share Certificates in Electronic form are kept in a Demat Account by the Depository Company, like a bank keeps money in a deposit account. Investor can withdraw the shares or purchase more shares through this demat Account.
Q:What do understand by word E-Banking .
A: E-Banking or electronic banking is a form of banking where funds are transferred through exchange of electronic signals between banks and financial institution and customers ATMs, Credit Cards, Debit Cards, International Cards, Internet Banking and new fund transfer devices like SWIFT, RTGS belong to this category.

Q:What is Brick & Mortar Banking .
A: Brick and Mortar Banking refers to traditional system of banking done only in a fixed branch premises made of brick and mortar.
Q:What is Bouncing of a cheque .
A:Where an account does not have sufficient balance to honour the cheque issued by the customer , the cheque is returned by the bank with the reason "funds insufficient" or "Exceeds arrangement".This is known as 'Bouncing of a cheque' .
Q:What is CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT.
A:'A measurement of a country’s trade in which the value of goods and services it imports exceeds the value of goods and services it exports. The current account also includes net income, such as interest and dividends, as well as transfers, such as foreign aid, though these components tend to make up a smaller percentage of the current account than exports and imports. The current account is a calculation of a country’s foreign transactions, and along with the capital account is a component of a country’s balance of payment.
Q:What do mean by word CASA.
A:CASA (current and savings account) ratio is the ratio of deposits in the current and savings accounts of a bank to its total deposits.
Q:What do you mean by word Cheque Truncation.
A: Cheque truncation, truncates or stops the flow of cheques through the banking system. Generally truncation takes place at the collecting branch, which sends the electronic image of the cheques to the paying branch through the clearing house and stores the paper cheques with it.

Q: Give overview of Consumer Protection Act
A: It is implemented from 1987 to enforce consumer rights through a simple legal procedure. Banks also are covered under the Act. A consumer can file complaint for deficiency of service with Consumer District Forum for amounts upto Rs.20 Lacs in District Court, and for amounts above Rs.20 Lacs to Rs.1 Crore in State Commission and for amounts above Rs.1 Crore in National Commission.
Q:What is Co-operative Bank
A : An association of persons who collectively own and operate a bank for the benefit of consumers / customers, like Saraswat Co-operative Bank or Abhyudaya Co-operative Bank and other such banks.
Q:What is Co-operative Society
A: When an association of persons collectively own and operate a unit for the benefit of those using its services like Apna Bazar Co-operative Society or Sahakar Bhandar or a Co-operative Housing Society.
Q:What is Core Banking Solutions (CBS)
A : Core Banking Solutions is a buzz word in Indian banking at present, where branches of the bank are connected to a central host and the customers of connected branches can do banking at any breach with core banking facility.
Q:What is Crossing of Cheques
A: Crossing refers to drawing two parallel lines across the face of the cheque.A crossed cheque cannot be paid in cash across the counter, and is to be paid through a bank either by transfer, collection or clearing.A general crossing means that cheque can be paid through any bank and a special crossing, where the name of a bank is indicated on the cheque, can be paid only through the named bank.

Q Define Customer
A : A person who maintains any type of account with a bank is a bank customer. Consumer Protection Act has a wider definition for consumer as the one who purchases any service for a fee like purchasing a demand draft or a pay order. The term customer is defined differently by Laws, softwares and countries.

Q:What is Debit Card
A: A plastic card issued by banks to customers to withdraw money electronically from their accounts. When you purchase things on the basis of Debit Card the amount due is debited immediately to the account . Many banks issue Debit-Cum-ATM Cards.

Q:Who is Debtor
A : A person who takes some money on loan from another person.

Q:What is Demand Deposits
A: Deposits which are withdrawn on demand by customers.E.g. savings bank and current account deposits.

Q:What isDemat Account
A: Demat Account concept has revolutionised the capital market of India. When a depository company takes paper shares from an investor and converts them in electronic form through the concerned company, it is called Dematerialisation of Shares. These converted Share Certificates in Electronic form are kept in a Demat Account by the Depository Company, like a bank keeps money in a deposit account. Investor can withdraw the shares or purchase more shares through this demat Account.

Q:What isDishonour of Cheque
A : Non-payment of a cheque by the paying banker with a return memo giving reasons for the non-payment.

Q:What is escrow account .
A:An escrow account is a temporary pass through account held by a third party during the process of a transaction between two parties.
Definition: An escrow account is a temporary pass through account held by a third party during the process of a transaction between two parties. This is a temporary account as it operates until the completion of a transaction process, which is implemented after all the conditions between the buyer and the seller are settled.
Description: In real estate, the fund flows for the development of the project from any source is kept in the escrow account and the funds utilised for the same are also generated from the escrow account. Even the buyers of the housing units in a project transfer the home price to the escrow account and the amount is not transferred to the seller until the project is completed.
Sometimes the construction linked payments are disbursed to the seller from the escrow account so that the builder has sufficient funds for completion of the project. Sellers also benefit from the prioritization mechanism, also called waterfall mechanism, wherein the priority based payments are made to the concerned parties.
Q:What is LETTERS OF CONTINUITY.
A:Letters of continuity must be obtained in addition to the Demand Promissory Note where the advance is likely to fluctuate or adjusted or revived.
The signatures should be obtained in the same fashion as on the Demand Promissory Note. It requires to be stamped like any other agreement. It is not necessary to take letter of Continuity where the advance is given by way of loans.

Q:Who is Indemnifier.
A: When a person indemnifies or guarantees to make good any loss caused to the lender from his actions or others' actions.
Q:What is Forfaiting
A: In International Trade when an exporter finds it difficult to realize money from the importer, he sells the right to receive money at a discount to a forfaiter, who undertakes inherent political and commercial risks to finance the exporter, of course with assumption of a profit in the venture.

Q What is E-Banking ?
A: E-Banking or electronic banking is a form of banking where funds are transferred through exchange of electronic signals between banks and financial institution and customers ATMs, Credit Cards, Debit Cards, International Cards, Internet Banking and new fund transfer devices like SWIFT, RTGS belong to this category.

Q What is EFT - (Electronic Fund Transfer)?
A : EFT is a device to facilitate automatic transmission and processing of messages as well as funds from one bank branch to another bank branch and even from one branch of a bank to a branch of another bank. EFT allows transfer of funds electronically with debit and credit to relative accounts.

Q What is Either or Survivor ?
A: Refers to operation of the account opened in two names with a bank. It means that any one of the account holders have powers to withdraw money from the account, issue cheques, give stop payment instructions etc. In the event of death of one of the account holder, the surviving account holder gets all the powers of operation.

Q What is Electronic Commerce (E-Commerce)?
A: E-Commerce is the paperless commerce where the exchange of business takes place by Electronic means.

Q What is Endorsement?
A : When a Negotiable Instrument contains, on the back of the instrument an endorsement, signed by the holder or payee of an order instrument, transferring the title to the other person, it is called endorsement.

Q What is Endorsement in Blank ?
A: Where the name of the endorsee or transferee is not mentioned on the instrument.

Q What is Endorsement in Full ?
A: Where the name of the endorsee or transferee appears on the instrument while making endorsement.

Q What is Execution of Documents ?
A: Execution of documents is done by putting signature of the person, or affixing his thumb impression or putting signature with stamp or affixing common seal of the company on the documents with or without signatures of directors as per articles of association of the company.

Q What is FORWARD MARKETS COMMISSION(FMC)?
A:Forward Markets Commission (FMC) headquartered at Mumbai, is a regulatory authority which is overseen by the Ministry of Finance, Govt. of India. It is a statutory body set up in 1953 under the Forward Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1952.

Q What is Factoring ?

A: It is a financial transaction and a type of debtor finance in which a business sells its accounts receivable (i.e., invoices) to a third party (called a factor i.e. other than a Bank) at a discount. A business will sometimes factor its receivable assets to meet its present and immediate cash needs.

Q What is'FIAT MONEY'?

A:Currency that a government has declared to be legal tender, but is not backed by a physical commodity. The value of fiat money is derived from the relationship between supply and demand rather than the value of the material that the money is made of. Historically, most currencies were based on physical commodities such as gold or silver, but fiat money is based solely on faith. Fiat is the Latin word for "it shall be".

Q What is Forgery ?
A: when a material alteration is made on a document or a Negotiable Instrument like a cheque, to change the mandate of the drawer, with intention to defraud.

Q:What is Garnishee Order ?
A: When a Court directs a bank to attach the funds to the credit of customer's account under provisions of Section 60 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908.

Q:What is General Lien ?
A: A right of the creditors(BANK) to retain deposits held by this bank against any loan raised by the debtor(BORROWER) .

Q:What is Holder?
A : Holder means any person entitled in his own name to the possession of the cheque, bill of exchange or promissory note and who is entitled to receive or recover the amount due on it from the parties. For example, if I give a cheque to my friend to withdraw money from my bank,he becomes holder of that cheque. Even if he loses the cheque, he continues to be holder. Finder cannot become the holder.

Q:What is Holder in due course ?
A: A person who receives a Negotiable Instrument for value, before it was due and in good faith, without notice of any defect in it, he is called holder in due course as per Negotiable Instrument Act. In the earlier example if my friend lends some money to me on the basis of the cheque, which I have given to him for encashment, he becomes holder-in-due course.

Q:What is Hypothecation ?
A: Charge against property for an amount of debt where neither ownership nor possession is passed to the creditor. In pledge, possession of property is passed on to the lender but in hypothecation, the property remains with the borrower in trust for the lender.

Q:What is Lease Financing
A : Financing for the business of renting houses or lands for a specified period of time and also hiring out of an asset for the duration of its economic life. Leasing of a car or heavy machinery for a specific period at specific price is an example.

Q:What do you mean by MASALA BONDS?
A:Masala bonds are Indian rupee denominated bonds issued in offshore capital markets. These will be offered and settled in US dollars to raise Indian rupees from international investors for infrastructure development in India. IFC will convert bond proceeds from dollars into rupees and use the rupees to finance private sector investment in India.
IFC has named these ‘Masala’ bonds as ‘masala’ is a globally recognized term that evokes the culture and cuisine of India. This is not the first time that a bond has been named after the food or culture of a country. Chinese bonds, for example, are called Dim sum bonds, and Japanese ones as Samurai bonds.

Q:What is lien.
A:A right given to another by the owner of property to secure a debt, or one created by law in favour of certain creditors.
Q:What is pledge.
A: Placing of owned property by a debtor (the pledger) to a creditor (the pledgee) as a security for a loan or obligation. The pledgee has an implied right to confiscate and/or sell the pledged property to satisfy his or her claim in case of a default.
Q: What is Hypothecation.
A: “’Hypothecation’ means a charge in or upon any movable property, existing in future, created by a borrower in favour of a secured creditor, without delivery of possession of the movable property to such creditor, as a security for financial assistance and includes floating charge and crystallization of such charge into fixed charge on movable property”.
Q:What is the difference Between Hypothecation and Pledge
A:Hypothecation is a way of creating a charge against the security of movable assets, which is much similar to pledge. However, pledge is a charge, which is defined by law whereas it is not so in the case of hypothecation. Under Section 172 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872: “Pledge is a contract where, by way of deposit of goods a security for a debt is created and the right to property vests in the pawnee so far as it is necessary to secure the debt.”

In case of pledge, the assets are in the custody of the lender, real or constructive, whereas in the case of hypothecation the assets are in the custody of the borrower.

Hypothecation is to be registered under Section 125 of the Indian Companies Act, 1956 when the hypothecator is a company, whereas no such provision exists in case of charges by way of pledge.

In hypothecation, goods are not kept under the lock and key of the banker. The borrower, however, will have to submit a stock statement at prescribed intervals as per terms of sanction to the bank. In addition to the fact that the bank does not have the physical possession of the goods under hypothecation, the fact remains that no statutory status is given to a hypothecation transaction. In this regard, it is, however, to be noted that hypothecation has a close link to floating charge. It must be noted that without the consent of the Bank, no person can utilize the hypothecated goods for his own benefit or sale by the borrower or any person connected thereto.
Q: What is mortgage.

Q. What is Commercial Paper (CP)?
A:Commercial Paper (CP) is an unsecured money market instrument issued in the form of a promissory note.
Q. When it was introduced?
A:It was introduced in India in 1990.
Q. Why it was introduced?
A:It was introduced in India in 1990 with a view to enabling highly rated corporate borrowers to diversify their sources of short-term borrowings and to provide an additional instrument to investors. Subsequently, primary dealers and all-India financial institutions were also permitted to issue CP to enable them to meet their short-term funding requirements for their operations.
Q. Who can issue CP?
A:Corporates, primary dealers (PDs) and the All-India Financial Institutions (FIs) are eligible to issue CP.
Q. Whether all the corporates would automatically be eligible to issue CP?
A:No. A corporate would be eligible to issue CP provided –
a. the tangible net worth of the company, as per the latest audited balance sheet, is not less than Rs. 4 crore
b. company has been sanctioned working capital limit by bank/s or all-India financial institution/s; and
c. the borrowal account of the company is classified as a Standard Asset by the financing bank/s/ institution/s.
Q. Is there any rating requirement for issuance of CP? And if so, what is the rating requirement?
A:Yes. All eligible participants shall obtain the credit rating for issuance of Commercial Paper either from Credit Rating Information Services of India Ltd. (CRISIL) or the Investment Information and Credit Rating Agency of India Ltd. (ICRA) or the Credit Analysis and Research Ltd. (CARE) or the FITCH Ratings India Pvt. Ltd. or such other credit rating agency (CRA) as may be specified by the Reserve Bank of India from time to time, for the purpose.
The minimum credit rating shall be A-2 [As per rating symbol and definition prescribed by Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)].
The issuers shall ensure at the time of issuance of CP that the rating so obtained is current and has not fallen due for review.
Q. What is the minimum and maximum period of maturity prescribed for CP?
A:CP can be issued for maturities between a minimum of 7 days and a maximum of up to one year from the date of issue.However, the maturity date of the CP should not go beyond the date up to which the credit rating of the issuer is valid.
Q. What is the limit up to which a CP can be issued?
A:The aggregate amount of CP from an issuer shall be within the limit as approved by its Board of Directors or the quantum indicated by the Credit Rating Agency for the specified rating, whichever is lower.
As regards FIs, they can issue CP within the overall umbrella limit prescribed in the Master Circular on Resource Raising Norms for FIs, issued by DBOD and updated from time-to-time.
Q:. In what denominations a CP that can be issued?
A:CP can be issued in denominations of Rs.5 lakh or multiples thereof.

Q:What is FMC.
A:Forward Markets Commission (FMC) (headquartered at Mumbai), is a regulatory authority which is overseen by the Ministry of Finance, Govt. of India. It is a statutory body set up in 1953 under the Forward Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1952.
Q:Define Factoring .
A: Business of buying trade debts at a discount and making a profit when debt is realized and also taking over collection of trade debts at agreed prices.

Q:Who is non cooperative borrower.
A:A non-cooperative borrower is one who does not engage constructively with his lender by defaulting in timely repayment of dues while having ability to pay, thwarting lenders’ efforts for recovery of their dues by not providing necessary information sought, denying access to assets financed / collateral securities, obstructing sale of securities, etc. In effect, a non-cooperative borrower is a defaulter who deliberately stone walls legitimate efforts of the lenders to recover their dues.
Q:What do you mean by ATM.
A:ATMs are Automated Teller Machines, which do the job of a teller in a bank through Computer Network.
Q:What do you mean by word Bancassurance :
A: Bancassurance refers to the distribution of insurance products and the insurance policies of insurance companies which may be life policies or non-life policies like home insurance - car insurance, medi-policies and others, by banks as corporate agents through their branches located in different parts of the country by charging a fee.
Q:What is banker's lien.
A: Bankers lien is a special right of lien exercised by the bankers, who can retain goods bailed to them as a security for general balance of account. Bankers can have this right in the absence of a contract to the contrary.
Q:What is BASEL 2.
A: The Committee on Banking Regulations and Supervisory Practices, popularity known as Basel Committee, submitted its revised version of norms in June, 2004. Under the revised accord the capital requirement is to be calculated for credit, market and operational risks. The minimum requirement continues to be 8% of capital fund (Tier I & II Capital) Tier II shall continue to be not more than 100% of Tier I Capital

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Q:Who is an NRI?
A:An Indian citizen leaves India for the purpose of employment, business, education, stay with parents/ children, with the intention of staying abroad for an uncertain period. In such cases, he becomes a NRI the moment he leaves India, even if he has not stayed abroad for 182 days or more during the financial year.
Q:What is the meaning of Non Resident Indian?
A :non-resident Indian (NRI) is a citizen of India who holds an Indian passport and has temporarily emigrated to another country for six months or more for employment, residence, education or any other purpose.
Q:Who is a PIO?
A:Persons of Indian Origin Card (PIO Card) is a form of identification issued to a Person of Indian Origin who holds a passport in another country other than Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka.
Q:. Define Hindu Undivided Families (HUF):
A:The Hindu Succession Act 1956 governs HUF. The HUF carries out ancestral business and possesses ancestral properties.
As per Hindu Law two schools of thought, Dayabhaga and Mitakshara govern Hindu undivided family.
In west Bengal Dayabhaga is followed and in the rest of the country Mitakshara is followed.
In Dayabhaga the father acquires absolute right and sons do not acquire any right by birth in Mitakshara a male member acquires the right by birth.
Female members are not co-parceners except in Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh.
The eldest male member is called as a Karta and all other male members are called as co-parceners.
The right to manage HUF property vests in the 'Karta' of the family.
Karta is either the father or the senior most male member of the family. All other male members are called coparceners.
In the interest of the family and family business, only the Karta can create a charge over the ancestral property. However, he cannot make a contract, which binds the other member personally. Other members are responsible to the extent of their share in the ancestral property.
HUF is not dissolved In the event of death of one of the members of the joint Hindu family. It differs from the partnership firm as on the death of one of the partners, the firm is dissolved. On the death of karta the senior most co-parcener becomes karta.
A coparcener continues to be a member of HUF, even after his migration outside India and acquiring status of NRI or taking citizenship of another country.
If the Karta himself migrates, an alternative Karta of the HUF is appointed by the HUF with consent from all coparceners.

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Q: Define Inflation.
A:The rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising, and, subsequently, purchasing power is falling. Central banks attempt to stop severe inflation, along with severe deflation.
Q: Define Deflation.
A: When the overall price level decreases so that inflation rate becomes negative, it is called deflation. It is the opposite of the often-encountered inflation.
Q:Define Stagflation.
A:an inflationary period accompanied by rising unemployment and lack of growth in consumer demand and business activity.
Q:Define Reflation.
A:Reflation is the act of stimulating the economy by increasing the money supply or by reducing taxes, seeking to bring the economy (specifically price level) back up to the long-term trend, following a dip in the business cycle.
Q:Define Agflation.
A:rising food prices caused by increased demand for agricultural commodities.
Q:Define Disinflation.
A:Disinflation is a decrease in the rate of inflation – a slowdown in the rate of increase of the general price level of goods and services in a nation's gross domestic product over time. It is the opposite of reflation.
Q:Define Hyperdeflation.
A: An extremely large and relatively quick level of deflation in an economy. Hyperdeflation occurs when the general price level of goods or services in an economy falls drastically in a short period of time, causing the real value of a currency to actually increase in that time.

.
Q: What is CPI.
A:A measure that examines the weighted average of prices of a basket of consumer goods and services, such as transportation, food and medical care. The CPI is calculated by taking price changes for each item in the predetermined basket of goods and averaging them; the goods are weighted according to their importance. Changes in CPI are used to assess price changes associated with the cost of living.

Sometimes referred to as "headline inflation."
Q: What is core inflation.
A:Core Inflation is a measure which excludes transitory or temporary price volatility as in the case of some commodities such as food items, energy products etc.
Q:What is 'Fiscal Deficit'.
A:When a government's total expenditures exceed the revenue that it generates (excluding money from borrowings).
Deficit is a shortfall in revenue;
Q:Define 'Current Account Deficit'.
A:A measurement of a country’s trade in which the value of goods and services it imports exceeds the value of goods and services it exports. The current account also includes net income, such as interest and dividends, as well as transfers, such as foreign aid, though these components tend to make up a smaller percentage of the current account than exports and imports. The current account is a calculation of a country’s foreign transactions, and along with the capital account is a component of a country’s balance of payment.

Q:What is the difference between Balance of Payments and Balance of Trade?
A:Balance of payments should be distinguished from balance of trade.

Balance of trade refers to the export and import of visible items, i.e., material goods. It is the difference between the value of visible exports and imports.

Visible items are those items which are recorded in the customs returns; for example, material goods exported and imported.

If the value of visible exports is greater than that of visible imports, the balance of trade is favourable.

If the value of visible imports is greater than that of visible exports the balance of trade is unfavourable;

if the value of visible exports is equal to that of visible imports, the balance of trade is in equilibrium.
Balance of payments, on the other hand, is a more comprehensive concept because it covers (a) visible items (i.e., balance of trade or merchandise account) and (b) invisible items.

Invisible items are those items which are not recorded in the customs returns; for example, services (such as transpiration, banking, insurance, etc.), capital flows, purchase and sale of gold, etc.

Thus, balance of payments is a broader term than balance of trade; balance of payments includes both visible as well as invisible items, whereas balance of trade includes only visible items.

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RECENT GOVT SCHEMES:

Q What are 19 action points of start up-Highlights of the Plan-

Compliance Regime based on Self-certification
Startup India Hub – A single point of contact for the entire startup ecosystem
Rolling out of a Mobile App & Portal – Starting a Startup in 1 day on a Mobile App
Fast track mechanism of Startup patent applications
Relaxed Norms of Public Procurement for Startups
Faster Exit for Startups
Rs 10,000 crore Fund of Funds for funding support
Credit Guarantee Fund for Startups
Tax Exemption on Capital Gains
Tax Exemption to Startups for 3 Years (for startups registering after April 1, 2016)
Tax Exemption on Investment above Fair Market Value
Organising Startup Fests for Showcasing Innovation and Providing a Collaboration Platform
Launch of Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) with Self-Employment and Talent Utilisation (SETU) Program
Harnessing Private Sector Expertise for Incubator Setup
Building Innovation Centres at National Institutes
Setting up of 7 New Research Parks Modeled on the Research Park Setup at IIT Madras
Promoting Startups in the Biotechnology Sector
Launching Innovation Focused Programs for Students
Annual Incubator Grand Challenge.

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Q. What is the nature of the scheme( PRADHAN MANTRI JEEVAN JYOTI BIMA YOJANA)

A:The scheme will be a one year cover Term Life Insurance Scheme, renewable from year to year, offering life insurance cover for death due to any reason.
2. What would be the benefits under the scheme and premium payable?
A:Rs.2 lakhs is payable on a subscriber’s death due to any reason. The premium payable is Rs.330/- per annum per subscriber.
Q. How will the premium be paid?
A:The premium will be deducted from the account holder’s savings bank account through ‘auto debit’ facility in one installment, as per the option to be given on enrolment.
Members may also give one-time mandate for auto-debit every year till the scheme is in force, subject to re-calibration that may be deemed necessary on review of experience of the scheme from year to year.
4. Who will offer / administer the scheme?
A:The scheme would be offered / administered through LIC and other Life Insurance companies willing to offer the product with necessary approvals on similar terms, in collaboration with participating Banks. Participating banks will be free to engage any
such life insurance company for implementing the scheme for their subscribers.
Q. Who will be eligible to subscribe?
A:All savings bank account holders in the age 18 to 50 years in participating banks will be entitled to join. In case of multiple saving bank accounts held by an individual in one or different banks, the person would be eligible to join the scheme through one savings
bank account only.
Q. What is the enrolment period and modality?
A:Initially on launch for the cover period from 1st June 2015 to 31st May 2016 subscribers are expected to enroll and give their auto-debit option by 31st May 2015, extendable up to 31st August 2015. Enrolment subsequent to this date will be possible prospectively on
payment of full annual payment and submission of a self-certificate of good health.
Subscribers who wish to continue beyond the first year will be expected to give their consent for auto-debit before each successive May 31st for successive years. Delayed renewal subsequent to this date will be possible on payment of full annual premium and submission of a self-certificate of good health.
Q. Can eligible individuals who fail to join the scheme in the initial year join in subsequent years?
A:Yes, on payment of premium through auto-debit and submission of a self-certificate of good health. New eligible entrants in future years can also join accordingly.
Q. Can individuals who leave the scheme rejoin?
A:Individuals who exit the scheme at any point may re-join the scheme in future years by paying the annual premium and submitting a self declaration of good health.

Q. Who would be the Master policy holder for the scheme?
A:Participating Banks will be the Master policy holders. A simple and subscriber friendly administration & claim settlement process shall be finalized by LIC / chosen insurance company in consultation with the participating bank.
Q1. When can the assurance on life of the member terminate?
A:The assurance on the life of the member shall terminate / be restricted accordingly on any of the following events:
i. On attaining age 55 years (age near birth day), subject to annual renewal up to that date (entry, however, will not be possible beyond the age of 50 years).
ii. Closure of account with the Bank or insufficiency of balance to keep the insurance in force.
iii. In case a member is covered through more than one account and premium is received by LIC / insurance company inadvertently, insurance cover will be restricted to Rs. 2 Lakh and the premium shall be liable to be forfeited.
Q. What will be the role of the insurance company and the Bank?
A:
i. The scheme will be administered by LIC or any other Life Insurance company which is willing to offer such a product in partnership with a bank / banks.
ii. It will be the responsibility of the participating bank to recover the appropriate annual premium in one installment, as per the option, from the account holders on or before the due date through ‘auto-debit’ process and transfer the amount due to the insurance company.
iii. Enrollment form / Auto-debit authorization / Consent cum Declaration form in the prescribed proforma, as required, shall be obtained and retained by the participating bank. In case of claim, LIC / insurance company may seek submission of the same. LIC / Insurance Company also reserve the right to call for these documents at any point of time.
Q. How would the premium be appropriated?
A: a. Insurance Premium to LIC /other insurance company: Rs.289/- per annum per member;
b. Reimbursement of Expenses to BC/Micro/Corporate/Agent : Rs.30/- per annum per member;
c. Reimbursement of Administrative expenses to participating Bank: Rs.11/- per annum per member.
Q. Will this cover be in addition to cover under any other insurance scheme the subscriber may be covered under?
A:Yes.

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Q: What is age requirement to open Sukanya Samriddhi Account .
A:Girl’s Age limit: Sukanya Samriddhi Account can be opened by a legal guardian or by parents of the girl child by visiting nearest post office or selected bank branches. The girl child’s age can be maximum 10 years old while opening SSA account.

Q: Is there any relaxation in age.
A:As this is the starting year, Govt is providing a grace period of 1 year till December 2015. Any girl child born between 2 December 2003 and 1 December 2004 can open account up to till 1 December 2015.This rule is just for this year only.

Q:Who can open SSA .
A: Only the parents or the legal guardian of the girl child can open SSA account.One can’t open SSA account for his/her sisters or brothers daughter’s account.

Q: Is there any restriction in number of accounts to be opened by one person.
A: YES, The no of account can be opened in the name of max 2 girl child only.But in case ,If 1st or 2nd birth gave twins then it can be opened for all 3 girls. From a family only one account is possible in the name of girl child. In simple terms, the thumb rule regarding Sukanya Samriddhi Account no of account is “One girl, One account”.

Q: Where to open Sukanya Samriddhi Account
A: One can easily open this account by visiting nearest post-office./Bank branch.

Q: What Documents are required to open SSY account
A: To open Sukanya Samriddhi Account One have to provide birth certificate of kid, 2 passport photo graph, photo id of parent or guardian opening the account and address proof.

Q: What Interest rate is applicable on SSYAccount
A: Interest rate of this account will be changed every year. the interest rate is 9.2% for FY 2015-16.

Q: What is maximum amount that can be deposited in a year in this account.
A: Rs 1.5 lac.max.

Q: What is minimum amount can be deposited in the account.
A:The minimum amount one have to deposit to continue this account is Rs 1000 only .

Q: What is total term of this deposit account.
A:One can deposit under this scheme up to 14 years from the date of account opening only.

Q: What is date of maturity of this account.
A: The Sukanya Samriddhi Account will mature after 21 years from the date of opening. or At the time of marriage of girl, whichever is earlier.

Q: Can some money can be pre maturely withdrawn.
A:YES, Pre-mature withdrawal is permitted . One can withdraw 50% of the amount accumulated till 18th year of the girl child. The purpose of withdrawal must be higher education of girl child.

Q: Can account be transferred from one place to another.
A: YES, The account can be transferred to any part of country with the girl moving that city.

Q: In case girl child dies than who can get this money.
A;In case of death of depositor the account should be closed immediately. In such case the amount accumulated till the previous month of death will be returned to the nominee declared while opening SSA account or Guardian of the girl child.

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Q:Atal Pension Yojna (APY) was launched on.
A: June 1 2015 .
Q: What is focus area of scheme.
A: focus is on the unorganised sector.
Q: What is quantum of pension.
A: .Under the Atal Pension Yojna Scheme (APY), the subscribers ,under the age of 40, would receive the fixed monthly pension of Rs. 1000 to Rs 5000 at the age of 60 years, depending on their contributions.
Q: What is contribution of Govt in this scheme.
A:To make the the pension scheme more attractive, government would co-contribute 50 per cent of a subscriber’s contribution or Rs 1,000 per annum, whichever is lower to each eligible subscriber account for a period of of 5 years from 2015-16 to 2019-20. The benefit of government’s co-contribution can be availed by those who subscribe to the scheme before December 31, 2015.
Q: Discuss eligible persons.
A:Eligibility for APY: Atal Pension Yojana (APY) is open to all bank account holders who are not members of any statutory social security scheme.
Age of joining and contribution period: The minimum age of joining APY is 18 years and maximum age is 40 years. One needs to contribute till one attains 60 years of age.

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Q: What are the Highlights of GST .
A:Highlights of New Proposed Goods & Service Tax (GST)
1. The basic principal governing behind GST is to have single Taxation System for Goods and Services
across the country. Currently Indian economy has various taxes on Goods and services such as VAT,
Service Tax, Excise, Entertainment Tax, Luxury Tax Etc. now in the new Proposal of GST; we will be
having only two taxes on all goods and Services as follows:
a. State Level GST(SGST)
b. Central Level GST (CGST)
2. In case of Central GST, following Taxes will be subsumed with CGST which are at presently levied
separately on goods and services by Central government:
a. Central Excise Duty
b. Additional Excise Duty
c. The Excise Duty levied under Medicinal and toiletries preparation Act
d. Service Tax
e. Additional Custom Duty (CVD)
f. Special Additional Duty
g. Surcharge
h. Education Cess and Secondary and Higher Secondary education Cess
3. In case of State GST, following taxes will be subsumed with SGST; which are priestly levied on goods
and services by State Governments :
a. VAT/ Sales Tax
b. Entertainment Tax (unless it is levied by local bodies)
c. Luxury Tax
d. Tax on lottery
e. State Cess and Surcharge to the extend related to supply of goods and services.
4. The basic principal for subsuming of taxes in GST is provided as follows:
a. Those taxes which commences with import / manufacture /production of goods or provision
of services at one end and the consumption of goods and services o other end.
b. The taxes, levies and fees which are not related to supply of goods & services should not be
subsumed under GST.
5. Taxes on items containing alcohol and petroleum product are kept out of GST. They will continue to
be taxed as per existing practices.
6. Tax on Tobacco products will be subject to GST. But government can levy the extra Excise duty over
and above GST.
7. The Small Taxpayer: The small taxpayers whose gross annual turnover is less than 1.5 Crore are
exempted from CGST and SGST.
8. Input Tax Credit (ITC): Taxes Paid against CGST allowed as ITC against CGST. Taxes paid against SGST
allowed as ITC against SGST.
9. Cross utilization of ITC between the Central GST and State GST would not be allowed. Exception: Inter
State Supply of goods and services.
10. PAN based identification number will be allowed to each taxpayer to have integration of GST with
Direct Tax.
11. IGST Model and ITC:
a. Center would levy IGST levy ( CGST + SGST)
b. The ITC will be allowed in this transaction will be SGST, IGST, CGST as applicable.
c. Appropriate provision will be provided for consignment or Stock transfer.
12. GST Rate Structure:
a. Two Rate Structure
b. A lower rate for necessary items and goods of basic importance
c. Standard rate for goods in General
d. Special Rate
13. Exports are fully exempted with Zero rates.

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Q. What is the nature of PRADHAN MANTRI SURAKSHA BIMA YOJANA?
A:The scheme is a one year cover Personal Accident Insurance Scheme, renewable from year to year, offering protection against death or disability due to accident.
Q. What are the benefits under the scheme and premium payable?
A:The benefits are as follows:
Table of Benefits Sum Insured
a. Death Rs. 2 Lakh
b. Total and irrecoverable loss of both eyes or loss of use of both hands or feet or loss of sight of one eye and loss of use of hand or foot Rs. 2 Lakh
c. Total and irrecoverable loss of sight of one eye or loss of use of one hand or foot Rs. 1 Lakh

Q. How is the premium to be paid?
A:Premium payable is Rs.12/- per annum per member.
The premium will be deducted from the account holder’s savings bank account through ‘auto debit’ facility in one installment, as per the
option to be given on enrolment. Members may also give one-time mandate for auto-debit every year till the scheme is in force, subject
to re-calibration that may be deemed necessary on review of experience of the scheme from year to year.
Q. Who offers / administers the scheme?
A:The scheme is offered / administered through the Public Sector General Insurance Companies (PSGICs) and other General
Insurance companies willing to offer the product with necessary approvals on similar terms, in collaboration with participating Banks.
Participating banks are free to engage any such general insurance company for implementing the scheme for their subscribers.
Q. Who is eligible to subscribe?
A:All savings bank account holders in the age 18 to 70 years in participating banks are entitled to join. In case of multiple saving bank accounts held by an individual in one or different banks, the person would be eligible to join the scheme through one savings bank account only.
Q. Whether Joint Account holders can join the Scheme?
A:Yes, provided separate premium is paid for each of the Account holders.
Q. What is the enrolment period and modality?
A:Initially for the cover period from 1st June 2015 to 31st May 2016 subscribers were expected to enroll and give their auto-debit option by 31st May 2015, extendable up to 31st August 2015. Enrolment subsequent to this date may be possible prospectively on payment of full annual payment, subject to conditions .
Subscribers who wish to continue beyond the first year will be expected to give their consent for auto-debit before each successive May 31st for successive years. Delayed renewal subsequent to this date may be possible on payment of full annual premium, subject to conditions .
Q. Can eligible individuals who fail to join the scheme in the initial year join in subsequent years?
A:Yes, on payment of premium through auto-debit. New eligible entrants in future years can also join accordingly.
Q. Can individuals who leave the scheme rejoin?
A:Individuals who exit the scheme at any point may re-join the scheme in future years by paying the annual premium, subject to
conditions that may be laid down.
Q. Who is the Master policy holder for the scheme?
A:Participating Banks are the Master policy holders. A simple and subscriber friendly administration & claim settlement process shall be finalized by PSGICs / chosen insurance company in consultation with the participating bank.
Q. When can the accident cover assurance terminate?
A:The accident cover of the member shall terminate / be restricted accordingly on any of the following events:
i. On attaining age 70 years (age neared birth day).
ii. Closure of account with the Bank or insufficiency of balance to keep the insurance in force.
iii. In case a member is covered through more than one account and premium is received by the insurance company inadvertently, insurance cover will be restricted to one account and the premium shall be liable to be forfeited.

Q. What will be the role of the insurance company and the Bank?
A:. The scheme is administered by PSGICs or any other General Insurance company which is willing to offer such a product
in partnership with a bank / banks.
ii. It is the responsibility of the participating bank to recover the appropriate annual premium in one installment, as per the
option, from the account holders on or before the due date through ‘auto-debit’ process and transfer the amount due to the
insurance company.
Q. How would the premium be appropriated?
A:a. Insurance Premium to PSGIC / other insurance company: Rs.10/- per annum per member;
b. Reimbursement of Expenses to BC/Micro/Corporate/Agent : Rs.1/- per annum per member;
c. Reimbursement of Administrative expenses to participating Bank: Rs.1/- per annum per member.
Q. Will this cover be in addition to cover under any other insurance scheme the subscriber may be covered under?
A:Yes.

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Q.. What is Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana?
Ans. Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) is National Mission for Financial Inclusion to ensure access to financial services, namely, Banking/ Savings & Deposit Accounts, Remittance, Credit, Insurance, Pension in an affordable manner.
Q. . How is PMJDY different from the earlier Financial Inclusion Plan (Swabhimaan)?
Ans. PMJDY focuses on coverage of households as against the earlier plan which focused on coverage of villages. It focuses on coverage of rural as well as urban areas. Earlier plan targeted only villages above 2000 population while under PMJDY whole country is to be covered by extending banking facilities in each Sub-Service area consisting of 1000 – 1500 households such that facility is available to all within a reasonable distance, say about 5 Km.

Q. . Whether Joint account can be opened in Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana?
Ans. Yes, joint account can be opened.
Q. . Under this Scheme, where can one open an account?
Ans. Account can be opened in any bank branch or Business Correspondent (Bank Mitr) outlet.
Q. . What is BSBDA Account ?
Ans. Basic Savings Bank Deposit Account (BSBDA) has been defined by RBI vide its circular dated 10.08.2012. Its salient features are:
There is no requirement of minimum balance.
The services available include deposit and withdrawal of cash at bank branch as well as ATMs; receipt/credit of money through electronic payment channels or by means of collection/deposit of cheques.
Maximum of 4 withdrawals a month including ATM withdrawal. No such limit for deposits.
Facility of ATM card or ATM-cum-Debit card.
These facilities are to be provided without any extra cost.
Q. . Whether there are any restrictions like age, income, amount etc. criteria for opening BSBDA by banks for individuals?
Ans. Any individual above the age of 10 years can open BSBDA Account.
Q. . What is RuPay Debit Card?
Ans. Rupay Debit Card is an indigenous domestic debit card introduced by National Payment Corporation of India (NPCI). This card is accepted at all ATMs (for cash withdrawal) and at most of the PoS machines (for making cashless payment for purchases) in the country.

Q. What is PIN Number ?
Ans. Personal Identification Number (PIN) is randomly generated code for use of ATM Card at the time of withdrawal of money from ATM Machine and also at the time of making payment on PoS

Q.. How to keep debit card operational ?
Ans. To get benefit of Accidental Insurance Cover, RuPay Debit Card must be used at least once in 45 days.
Q.. How long the debit card is valid and how to get Debit Card renewed ?
Ans. Debit Card expiry date is mentioned on the Card itself. Account-holder is advised to get issued new card well before expiry date of his/her existing card by giving fresh application to the concerned bank.
Q.. If someone has two or more accounts and two or more RuPay Debit Cards, whether accidental insurance cove is available in each account / each card?
Ans. Accidental insurance cover is available only in one account.
Q. . What is the concept of overdraft of Rs.5000/- in PMJDY Account and for whom this facility is available?
Ans. Overdraft facility upto Rs.5000/- will be available to one account holder of PMJDY per household after 6 months of satisfactory conduct of the account. To avoid duplication Aadhaar number will also be required. If Aadhaar number is not available then Bank will do additional due diligence and also seek declaration from the beneficiary.
Q.. Whether Overdraft facility can be availed in more than one account?
Ans. Overdraft facility upto Rs.5000/- is available in only one account per household, preferably lady of the household.

Q.. What is Accidental Insurance Cover? Who will pay the premium ?
Ans. Accidental Insurance Cover is Rs.1.00 lac and no premium is charged to the beneficiary -- NPCI will pay the premium. At present the premium is Rs.0.47 per Card.
Q.. If both husband and wife who are opening accounts under PMJDY are eligible for Accidental Insurance Cover of Rs.1.00 lac and Life Insurance cover of Rs.30,000/- and overdraft facility of Rs.5000/- in both the accounts separately?

Ans. Accidental Insurance cover of Rs.1.00 lac and Life Insurance Cover of Rs.30000/- will be available to all account-holders. However, overdraft facility upto Rs.5000/- will be available to only one person in the family (preferably lady of the house).

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Q;What is objective of Skill India.
A:The main goal is to create opportunities, space and scope for the development of the talents of the Indian youth and to develop more of those sectors which have already been put under skill development for the last so many years and also to identify new sectors for skill development. The new programme aims at providing training and skill development to 500 million youth of our country by 2020, covering each and every village. Various schemes are also proposed to achieve this objective.
Q:What are main features of Skill India.
A:The emphasis is to skill the youths in such a way so that they get employment and also improve entrepreneurship.

Provides training, support and guidance for all occupations that were of traditional type like carpenters, cobblers, welders, blacksmiths, masons, nurses, tailors, weavers etc.

More emphasis will be given on new areas like real estate, construction, transportation, textile, gem industry, jewellery designing, banking, tourism and various other sectors, where skill development is inadequate or nil.

The training programmes would be on the lines of international level so that the youths of our country can not only meet the domestic demands but also of other countries like the US, Japan, China, Germany, Russia and those in the West Asia.

Another remarkable feature of the ‘Skill India’ programme would be to create a hallmark called ‘Rural India Skill’, so as to standardise and certify the training process.

Tailor-made, need-based programmes would be initiated for specific age groups which can be like language and communication skills, life and positive thinking skills, personality development skills, management skills, behavioural skills, including job and employability skills.

The course methodology of ‘Skill India’ would be innovative, which would include games, group discussions, brainstorming sessions, practical experiences, case studies etc.
Q:How is it different from the previous skill development policies?
A:It’s not that we do not have any skill development programme already. The Government of India has always considered skill development as a national priority. It is just that since the ministry is new, the approach taken for skill development is also new. Earlier, the emphasis was on traditional jobs. But this time, all kinds of jobs will be given equal emphasis. Earlier, the responsibility was divided among various ministries, but this time, these are being clubbed together. The ministry of skill development and entrepreneurship will be the principal ministry which is going to coordinate with other ministries and organisations.

Skill India won’t be just a programme but a movement. Here, youth who are jobless, college and school dropouts, along with the educated ones, from rural and urban areas, all will be given value addition. The new ministry will be the certifying agency. Certificates will be issued to those who complete a particular skill or programme and this certificate has to be recognized by all public and private agencies and entities, including overseas organisations. Skill India is a programme for the entire nation.

Q: Define Public Private Partnerships.
A:Public Private Partnership means an arrangement between a government / statutory entity / government owned entity on one side and a private sector entity on the other, for the provision of public assets and/or public services, through investments being made and/or management being undertaken by the private sector entity, for a specified period of time, where there is well defined allocation of risk between the private sector and the public entity and the private entity receives performance linked payments that conform (or are benchmarked) to specified and pre-determined performance standards, measurable by the public entity or its representative.
Q:What are the essential conditions in the definition .
A: i.Arrangement with private sector entity: The asset and/or service under the contractual arrangement will be provided by the Private Sector entity to the users. An entity that has a majority non-governmental ownership, i.e., 51 percent or more, is construed as a Private Sector entity1.
ii.Public asset or service for public benefit: The facilities/ services being provided are traditionally provided by the Government, as a sovereign function, to the people.
To better reflect this intent, two key concepts are elaborated below:
(a)Public Services are those services that the State is obligated to provide to its citizens or where the State has traditionally provided the services to its citizens.
(b)Public Asset is that asset the use of which is inextricably linked to the delivery of a Public Service, or, those assets that utilize or integrate sovereign assets to deliver Public Services. Ownership by Government need not necessarily imply that it is a PPP.
iii. Investments being made by and/or management undertaken by the private sector entity:
The arrangement could provide for financial investment and/or non-financial investment by the private sector; the intent of the arrangement is to harness the private sector efficiency in the delivery of quality services to the users.
iv. Operations or management for a specified period:
The arrangement cannot be in perpetuity. After a pre-determined time period, the arrangement with the private sector entity comes to a closure.
v. Risk sharing with the private sector:
Mere outsourcing contracts are not PPPs.
vi. Performance linked payments:
The central focus is on performance and not merely provision of facility or service.
vii. Conformance to performance standards:
The focus is on a strong element of service delivery aspect and compliance to pre-determined and measurable standards to be specified by the Sponsoring Authority.

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Q: What is the Banking Ombudsman Scheme?
A:The Banking Ombudsman Scheme enables an expeditious and inexpensive forum to bank customers for resolution of complaints relating to certain services rendered by banks. The Banking Ombudsman Scheme is introduced under Section 35 A of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 by RBI with effect from 1995.
Q: Who is a Banking Ombudsman?
A:The Banking Ombudsman is a senior official appointed by the Reserve Bank of India to redress customer complaints against deficiency in certain banking services.
Q: How many Banking Ombudsmen have been appointed and where are they located?
A:As on date, fifteen Banking Ombudsmen have been appointed with their offices located mostly in state capitals. The addresses and contact details of the Banking Ombudsman offices have been provided in the annex.
Q: Which are the banks covered under the Banking Ombudsman Scheme, 2006?
A:All Scheduled Commercial Banks, Regional Rural Banks and Scheduled Primary Co-operative Banks are covered under the Scheme.
Q:. What are the grounds of complaints?
A:The Banking Ombudsman can receive and consider any complaint relating to the following deficiency in banking services (including internet banking):
non-payment or inordinate delay in the payment or collection of cheques, drafts, bills etc.;
non-acceptance, without sufficient cause, of small denomination notes tendered for any purpose, and for charging of commission in respect thereof;
non-acceptance, without sufficient cause, of coins tendered and for charging of commission in respect thereof;
non-payment or delay in payment of inward remittances ;
failure to issue or delay in issue of drafts, pay orders or bankers’ cheques;
non-adherence to prescribed working hours ;
failure to provide or delay in providing a banking facility (other than loans and advances) promised in writing by a bank or its direct selling agents;
delays, non-credit of proceeds to parties accounts, non-payment of deposit or non-observance of the Reserve Bank directives, if any, applicable to rate of interest on deposits in any savings,current or other account maintained with a bank ;
complaints from Non-Resident Indians having accounts in India in relation to their remittances from abroad, deposits and other bank-related matters;
refusal to open deposit accounts without any valid reason for refusal;
levying of charges without adequate prior notice to the customer;
non-adherence by the bank or its subsidiaries to the instructions of Reserve Bank on ATM/Debit card operations or credit card operations;
non-disbursement or delay in disbursement of pension (to the extent the grievance can be attributed to the action on the part of the bank concerned, but not with regard to its employees);
refusal to accept or delay in accepting payment towards taxes, as required by Reserve Bank/Government;
refusal to issue or delay in issuing, or failure to service or delay in servicing or redemption of Government securities;
forced closure of deposit accounts without due notice or without sufficient reason;
refusal to close or delay in closing the accounts;
non-adherence to the fair practices code as adopted by the bank or non-adherence to the provisions of the Code of Bank s Commitments to Customers issued by Banking Codes and Standards Board of India and as adopted by the bank ;
non-observance of Reserve Bank guidelines on engagement of recovery agents by banks; and
any other matter relating to the violation of the directives issued by the Reserve Bank in relation to banking or other services.
A customer can also lodge a complaint on the following grounds of deficiency in service with respect to loans and advances
non-observance of Reserve Bank Directives on interest rates;
delays in sanction, disbursement or non-observance of prescribed time schedule for disposal of loan applications;
non-acceptance of application for loans without furnishing valid reasons to the applicant; and
non-adherence to the provisions of the fair practices code for lenders as adopted by the bank or Code of Bank’s Commitment to Customers, as the case may be;
non-observance of any other direction or instruction of the Reserve Bank as may be specified by the Reserve Bank for this purpose from time to time.
The Banking Ombudsman may also deal with such other matter as may be specified by the Reserve Bank from time to time.
Q:. When can one file a complaint?
A:One can file a complaint before the Banking Ombudsman if the reply is not received from the bank within a period of one month after the bank concerned has received one s representation, or the bank rejects the complaint, or if the complainant is not satisfied with the reply given by the bank.
Q: When will one s complaint not be considered by the Ombudsman ?
A:One s complaint will not be considered if:
a. One has not approached his bank for redressal of his grievance first.
b. One has not made the complaint within one year from the date one has received the reply of the bank or if no reply is received if it is more than one year and one month from the date of representation to the bank.
c. The subject matter of the complaint is pending for disposal / has already been dealt with at any other forum like court of law, consumer court etc.
d. Frivolous or vexatious.
e. The institution complained against is not covered under the scheme.
f. The subject matter of the complaint is not within the ambit of the Banking Ombudsman.
g. If the complaint is for the same subject matter that was settled through the office of the Banking Ombudsman in any previous proceedings.
8. What is the procedure for filing the complaint before the Banking Ombudsman?
One can file a complaint with the Banking Ombudsman simply by writing on a plain paper. One can also file it online (at “click here to go to Banking Ombudsman scheme”or by sending an email to the Banking Ombudsman. There is a form along with details of the scheme in our website.However, it is not necessary to use this format.

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Q: What is classification of bank investment portfolio.
A:The entire Investment portfolio of the Bank is classified, in accordance with the Reserve Bank of India guidelines, into :
"Held to Maturity" comprising investments acquired with the intention to hold them till maturity, and include –
Investments in Subsidiaries, Joint Ventures and Regional Rural Banks,
Debentures/bonds deemed to be in the nature of advances,
Re-capitalisation bonds received from Government of India,
Preference shares.
"Held for Trading" comprising investments acquired with the intention to trade.
"Available for Sale" comprising investments not covered by (a) and (b) above i.e. those which are acquired neither for trading purposes nor for being held till maturity.
Q: What do you mean by word HTM.
A:Investments classified as "Held to Maturity" are carried at acquisition cost unless it is more than the face value, in which case the premium is amortised over the period remaining to maturity.
Q: List the areas where bank has to provide provisions.
A:Provision is made for :
depreciation in the value of debentures/bonds which are deemed to be in the nature of/treated as advances, by applying the RBI prudential norms of asset classification and provisioning applicable to advances, and
diminution other than temporary, in the value of investments in subsidiaries and Joint Ventures.
Such depreciation/diminution is determined and provided for each investment individually.

Investments classified as "Held for Trading" are marked to market scrip-wise and the resultant depreciation is recognised in the Profit and Loss Account while the appreciation, if any, is ignored.

Investments classified as "Available for Sale" are marked to market, scrip-wise and the resultant net depreciation, if any, in each category disclosed in the Balance Sheet is provided, while net appreciation, if any, is ignored.
In respect of non-performing securities (where interest/principal is in arrears), income is not recognised, and appropriate provision is made for depreciation in the value of such securities.

Q: What is Cost of acquisition of investments .

A: It is net of incentives and front end fees received in case of securities subscribed, and excludes commission, brokerage, stamp duty etc.
Q: How Profit / Loss on sale of investments.
A: It is recognised in the Profit and Loss Account based on the weighted average cost/book value of the related investment. An amount equivalent of the profit on sale of investments in "Held to Maturity" classification, is treated as, and appropriated to Capital Reserve Account.

For the purpose of valuation of quoted investments in "Held for Trading" and "Available for Sale" categories, the market rates/quotes on the Stock exchanges, the rates declared by Primary Dealers Association of India (PDAI) / Fixed Income Money Market and Derivatives Association (FIMMDA), are used.

Investments for which such rates/quotes are not available, are valued as per norms laid down by Reserve Bank of India, which are as under :-

Government/Approved securities - on appropriate Yield to Maturity basis.
Equity Shares, PSU and Trustee shares - at book value as per the latest balance sheet (not more than 12 months old), otherwise Re.1 per company.
Preference Shares - on appropriate Yield to Maturity basis.
PSU Bonds - on Yield to Maturity basis with appropriate credit spread mark - up.
Units of Mutual Funds - at the latest repurchase price / NAV declared by the Fund in respect of each scheme.
Investments in Regional Rural Banks, Treasury Bills, Commercial paper, Indira Vikas Patras, Kisan Vikas Patras and Certificates of Deposit - at carrying cost.
Q: What is value of investments shown in Balance sheet.
A:Investments are net of securities lent and include securities borrowed under repo arrangements.

Q:What are Components of Capital in Banks.
A:Capital funds: The capital funds would include the components Tier I capital and Tier II capital.
Q:What are Elements of Tier I Capital.
A:The elements of Tier I capital include:
Paid-up capital (ordinary shares), statutory reserves, and other disclosed free reserves, if any;
Perpetual Non-cumulative Preference Shares (PNCPS) eligible for inclusion as Tier I capital - subject to laws in force from time to time;
Innovative Perpetual Debt Instruments (IPDI) eligible for inclusion as Tier I capital; and
Capital reserves representing surplus arising out of sale proceeds of assets.
Q: What are Elements of Tier II Capital.
A:The elements of Tier II capital include undisclosed reserves, revaluation reserves, general provisions and loss reserves, hybrid capital instruments, subordinated debt and investment reserve account.
(a) Undisclosed Reserves
They can be included in capital, if they represent accumulations of post-tax profits and are not encumbered by any known liability and should not be routinely used for absorbing normal loss or operating losses.
(b) Revaluation Reserves
It would be prudent to consider revaluation reserves at a discount of 55 per cent while determining their value for inclusion in Tier II capital. Such reserves will have to be reflected on the face of the Balance Sheet as revaluation reserves.
(c) General Provisions and Loss Reserves
Such reserves can be included in Tier II capital if they are not attributable to the actual diminution in value or identifiable potential loss in any specific asset and are available to meet unexpected losses. Adequate care must be taken to see that sufficient provisions have been made to meet all known losses and foreseeable potential losses before considering general provisions and loss reserves to be part of Tier II capital. General provisions/loss reserves will be admitted up to a maximum of 1.25 percent of total risk weighted assets.
'Floating Provisions' held by the banks, which is general in nature and not made against any identified assets, may be treated as a part of Tier II capital within the overall ceiling of 1.25 percent of total risk weighted assets.
Excess provisions which arise on sale of NPAs would be eligible Tier II capital subject to the overall ceiling of 1.25% of total Risk Weighted Assets.
(d) Hybrid Debt Capital Instruments
Those instruments which have close similarities to equity, in particular when they are able to support losses on an ongoing basis without triggering liquidation, may be included in Tier II capital. At present the following instruments have been recognized and placed under this category:
Debt capital instruments eligible for inclusion as Upper Tier II capital ; and
Perpetual Cumulative Preference Shares (PCPS) / Redeemable Non-Cumulative Preference Shares (RNCPS) / Redeemable Cumulative Preference Shares (RCPS) as part of Upper Tier II Capital.
The guidelines governing the instruments at (i) and (ii) above, indicating the minimum regulatory requirements are furnished in Annex 3 and Annex 4 respectively.
(e) Subordinated Debt
Banks can raise, with the approval of their Boards, rupee-subordinated debt as Tier II capital, subject to the terms and conditions given in the Annex 5.
(f) Investment Reserve Account
In the event of provisions created on account of depreciation in the ‘Available for Sale’ or ‘Held for Trading’ categories being found to be in excess of the required amount in any year, the excess should be credited to the Profit & Loss account and an equivalent amount (net of taxes, if any and net of transfer to Statutory Reserves as applicable to such excess provision) should be appropriated to an Investment Reserve Account in Schedule 2 –“Reserves & Surplus” under the head “Revenue and other Reserves” in the Balance Sheet and would be eligible for inclusion under Tier II capital within the overall ceiling of 1.25 per cent of total risk weighted assets prescribed for General Provisions/ Loss Reserves.
(g) Banks are allowed to include the ‘General Provisions on Standard Assets’ and ‘provisions held for country exposures’ in Tier II capital. However, the provisions on ‘standard assets’ together with other ‘general provisions/ loss reserves’ and ‘provisions held for country exposures’ will be admitted as Tier II capital up to a maximum of 1.25 per cent of the total risk-weighted assets.
Q: What is minimum capital required.
A:Minimum Required Capital is 9 percent of risk weighted assets.
Q:What are Money Market Instruments?
A:By convention, the term "Money Market" refers to the market for short-term requirement and deployment of funds. Money market instruments are those instruments, which have a maturity period of less than one year. The most active part of the money market is the market for overnight call and term money between banks and institutions and repo transactions. Call Money / Repo are very short-term Money Market products. The below mentioned instruments are normally termed as money market instruments:
Certificate of Deposit (CD)
Commercial Paper (C.P)
Inter Bank Participation Certificates
Treasury Bills
Call/ Notice/ Term Money
Q: What is CD.
A:Certificates of deposit (CD):
CDs are short-term borrowings in the form of Usance Promissory Notes having a maturity of not less than 15 days up to a maximum of one year.
CD is subject to payment of Stamp Duty under Indian Stamp Act, 1899 (Central Act)
They are like bank term deposits accounts. Unlike traditional time deposits these are freely negotiable instruments and are often referred to as Negotiable Certificate of Deposits
Features of CD
All scheduled banks (except RRBs and Co-operative banks) are eligible to issue CDs
Issued to individuals, corporations, trusts, funds and associations
They are issued at a discount rate freely determined by the issuer and the market/investors.
Freely transferable by endorsement and delivery. At present CDs are issued in physical form (UPN)
These are issued in denominations of Rs.5 Lacs and Rs. 1 Lac thereafter. Bank CDs have maturity up to one year. Minimum period for a bank CD is fifteen days. Financial Institutions are allowed to issue CDs for a period between 1 year and up to 3 years. CDs issued by AIFI are also issued in physical form (in the form of Usance promissory note) and is issued at a discount to the face value.

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Q: What is treasury management.
A: The process of administering to the financial assets and holdings of a business. The goal of most treasury management departments is to optimize their company's liquidity, make sound financial investments for the future with any excess cash, and reduce or enter into hedges against its financial risks.

Q: What is yield.
A:The income return on an investment. This refers to the interest or dividends received from a security and is usually expressed annually as a percentage based on the investment's cost, its current market value or its face value.
Q: What is YTM.
A:The rate of return anticipated on a bond if held until the end of its lifetime. YTM is considered a long-term bond yield expressed as an annual rate. The YTM calculation takes into account the bond's current market price, par value, coupon interest rate and time to maturity.
Q: What is Bond.
A:A bond is a debt investment in which an investor loans money to an entity (typically corporate or governmental) which borrows the funds for a defined period of time at a variable or fixed interest rate.
Q: What is Govt Security.
A:A bond (or debt obligation) issued by a government authority, with a promise of repayment upon maturity that is backed by said government. A government security may be issued by the government itself or by one of the government agencies.

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS--banking --USEFUL VIDEO 4

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS--banking --USEFUL VIDEO 3

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS--banking --USEFUL VIDEO 2

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS--banking --USEFUL VIDEO

thanks agarwal Sir

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